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Sociology- chapter14
The sociology of Education
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Education | consists of the roles and norms that ensure the transmission of knowledge, values, and patterns of behavior from onme generation to the next |
Schooling | formal education, which involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies |
Hidden curriculum | describes the schools' transmission of cultural goals that are not openly acknowledged |
Tracking | the assignment of students to different types of educational programs |
Charter School | schools that are funded with public money but are privately operated and run |
Homeschooling | a system in which a child's main education is undertaken by parents at home |
zero tolerance | involve set punishments for serious offenses |
bilingual education | a system in which non English-speaking students are taught in their native languages until they are proficient enough in English to attend regular classes |
sacred | anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural world and that inspires awe, respect, and reverance |
profane | anything considered to be part of the ordinary world and, thus, commonplace and familiar |
Religion | may be defined as a system of roles and norms that is organized around the sacred realm and that binds people together in social groups |
ritual | an established pattern of behavior through which a group of believers experiences the sacred |
Animism | a belief that spirits actively influence human life |
shamanism | type of animism in which it is believed that spirits communicate only with one person in the group |
Totemism | a belief in the kinship between humans and animals or nautral objects |
theism | the belief in a god or gods |
Monotheism | the belief in one god |
Polytheism | the belief in a number of gods |
ethicalism | the idea that moral principles have a sacred quality |
ecclesia | a type of religious organization in which most people in the society are members by virtue of their birth |
denomination | a well-established religious organization in which a substantial number of the poupulation are members |
sect | a relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination because of differences concerning beliefs |
cult | a new religious whose beliefs and practices differ markedly from those of the society's major religions |
religiosity | the depth of peoples religious feelings and how they translate these feelings into behavior |
secular | religion is losign its influence in every day lfie |