The sociology of Education
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| Education | consists of the roles and norms that ensure the transmission of knowledge, values, and patterns of behavior from onme generation to the next
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| Schooling | formal education, which involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies
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| Hidden curriculum | describes the schools' transmission of cultural goals that are not openly acknowledged
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| Tracking | the assignment of students to different types of educational programs
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| Charter School | schools that are funded with public money but are privately operated and run
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| Homeschooling | a system in which a child's main education is undertaken by parents at home
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| zero tolerance | involve set punishments for serious offenses
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| bilingual education | a system in which non English-speaking students are taught in their native languages until they are proficient enough in English to attend regular classes
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| sacred | anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural world and that inspires awe, respect, and reverance
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| profane | anything considered to be part of the ordinary world and, thus, commonplace and familiar
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| Religion | may be defined as a system of roles and norms that is organized around the sacred realm and that binds people together in social groups
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| ritual | an established pattern of behavior through which a group of believers experiences the sacred
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| Animism | a belief that spirits actively influence human life
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| shamanism | type of animism in which it is believed that spirits communicate only with one person in the group
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| Totemism | a belief in the kinship between humans and animals or nautral objects
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| theism | the belief in a god or gods
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| Monotheism | the belief in one god
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| Polytheism | the belief in a number of gods
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| ethicalism | the idea that moral principles have a sacred quality
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| ecclesia | a type of religious organization in which most people in the society are members by virtue of their birth
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| denomination | a well-established religious organization in which a substantial number of the poupulation are members
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| sect | a relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination because of differences concerning beliefs
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| cult | a new religious whose beliefs and practices differ markedly from those of the society's major religions
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| religiosity | the depth of peoples religious feelings and how they translate these feelings into behavior
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| secular | religion is losign its influence in every day lfie
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