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Cog Psych

exam 3

QuestionAnswer
formal reasoning/logic syllogism: formal argument with specific structure -prop1, prp2, conclusion syll. solving performance can improve w/ training logical 3 step problem solv. method: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion -conf. bias Helsabeck
ppl can do modus ponens 100%, but not modus tollens 60% confirming a trues statement easier than denying false statement RIps and Marcus
Wason Task- cards Wason & Johnson-Laird
argues that indiv. doing a reasoning task construct a mental model. ment mod reps a possible state of affairs in world ppl use info in the premise to place obj in ment mod coke/beer, tossed coin Johnson-Laird
symbolic distance effect -easier to compare 3-5 than 3-4 Banks
Pittsburghers view of world overestimate distance around area underestimate further distances Holyoak & Mah's
representative heuristics TTTTTTTTTT THHTTHT without stat knowledge may misjudge Kahneman & Tversky
Letter R Availability Heuristic: accessibility in memory Tversky & Kahneman
More dangerous? airplane or car base rate: how often something happens statistically Lichtenstein
Insight Problems warmth increased progressively during non insight sharp increase with insight problems, "aha" Metcalfe & Wiebe
checker board problem Representational Change Problem: restructing makes easier to solve Kaplan & Simon
water-jug problem, mental set taught one of two ways to mix solutions -ppl tend to use a well practiced strategy on problems even when it is inappropriate or sub-optimal Luchins
Tower of Hanoi problem, rely on heuristics, define all possible mental operators Simon & Newell
Radiation Problem, analogical problem solving Dunker
chess experts knowledge organization specific Chase & Simon
physics experiments undergrads: physcial nature experts: principles Chi
Experts quick at knowing if there's a solution or not Paige & Simon
famous men and women: familiarity bias: judgements about how common an event is confounded with how well we know it McKelvie
Freudian slips of the tongue tool kits cool tits Motley & Baars
Created by: enine09
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