Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Heiman.pharm.Vasc ev
Cardiovascular Events.Angina
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular events | Angina Myocardial Infarction (MI) |
| Epidemiology | Around 7 million Americans suffer from angina Risk of developing ischemic heart disease differs by region of the world |
| Epidemiology | Japan and France have low rates Finland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and South Africa have high rates Numbers of vessels obstructed is a predictor of mortality LAD has poorer prognosis |
| Pathophysiology | Atherosclerosis Fatty streak LDL Smooth muscle cells Calcification Thrombus |
| Pathophysiology | Increased Myocardial Oxygen Demand Exercise Mental stress Normal fluctuations in HR and BP Decreased myocardial oxygen supply Vasospasm Platelet plugging Thrombus |
| Pathophysiology | Catecholamine release Released in response to stress Leads to increased HR, BP, force of contraction This leads to increased oxygen demand |
| Angina | Myocardial ischemia that occurs when oxygen demand outstrips oxygen supply Reversible Lasts from 0.5-30 minutes |
| Stable angina | Reproducible symptom pattern No change in frequency, duration, or precipitating factors in last 2 months |
| Unstable angina | Change in pattern of ischemia New onset, onset with less exertion, or pain at rest Patient should be admitted |
| Variant (Prinzmetal’s) angina | Coronary artery spasm Rare |
| Silent ischemia | Asymptomatic episodes detected by ECG or other diagnostic methods |
| Precipitating Factors | Relationship to exercise Cold environment Walking against the wind Walking after a large meal Fright, anger |
| Quality | Sensation of pressure or heavy weight on chest Burning sensation Feeling of tightness Shortness of breath Visceral quality (deep, heavy, squeezing, aching) |
| Radiation | Medial aspect of left arm Left shoulder Jaw Occasionally right arm |
| Location | Sternum Can be anywhere between epigastrium and pharynx May be limited to left arm and shoulder Lower cervical or thoracic spine Left interscapular or suprascapular area |
| Differential Diagnosis | Esophageal reflux Peptic ulcer Biliary disease Cervical disc disease Hyperventilation Musculoskeletal pain Pulmonary |
| Treatment | Modification of risk factors Decrease weight Stop smoking Increase activity Normalize blood pressure Normalize blood lipid levels Increase oxygen supply |
Created by:
DianaB
Popular Pharmacology sets