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Heiman.pharm.HTN.6

Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

QuestionAnswer
Mechanism Calcium needed for muscle contraction Block slow calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells which Blocks influx of calcium which Decreases muscle contraction
Names Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, Cartia)‏ Immediate and sustained release Two different types of SR IV and PO
Effects Decreased peripheral vascular resistance Decreased inotropic effects Decreased automaticity in SA and AV nodes
Kinetics Rapid onset 30 minutes to 1 hour for most Immediate release Liver metabolism Renal excretion
Adverse effects Rash Stevens-Johnson syndrome More common with verapamil and diltiazem Hypotension AV block Verapamil and diltiazem Constipation Especially verapamil Arthralgias, muscle cramps Impotence Ecchymosis Some antiplatelet effect
Drug Interactions Other liver metabolized drugs Increased digoxin, statin, and other antiarrhythmics. Increased levels of CCBs Cimetidine, azole antifungals, antiepileptics
Dru Interactions Use with caution in combination with beta-blockers Nifedipine and like drugs May increase CHF symptoms, increased likelihood of hypotension
Names (Dihydropyridines)‏ Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)‏ Immediate and sustained release Amlodipine (Norvasc)‏ Felodipine (Plendil)‏ Isradipine (DynaCirc)‏
Names (Dihydropyridines)‏ Nicardipine (Cardene)‏ Immediate and sustained release Comes in an IV form for continuous infusion Nisoldipine (Sular)‏ Clevidipine (Cleviprex) IV Lipid emulsion
Names (Phenylalkylamines)‏ Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan)‏ Immediate and sustained release IV and PO
Names (Benzothiazepines)‏ Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, Cartia)‏ Immediate and sustained release Two different types of SR IV and PO
Effects Vasodilation of arterioles Vasodilation of coronary arteries Decreased conduction velocity of SA and AV node Especially good for variant (Prinzmetal’s) angina
Created by: DianaB
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