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Rad Phys Final
rad phys final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| energy of position | potential energy |
| energy of motion | kinetic energy |
| elements | simple substance |
| compound | complex substance |
| smallest particle of a compound possessing characteristics of the compound | molecule |
| the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element | atom |
| positive charge | proton |
| neutral charge | neutron |
| negative charge | electron |
| contains the protons and neutrons | nucleus |
| orbit the nucleus | electrons |
| one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons. they are unstable | isotopes |
| like charges repel & unlike charges attract | law of electrostatics |
| negative charge | cathode |
| positive charge | anode |
| when the filament is heated, electrons are released | thermionic emission |
| the intensity of a radiation field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. | inverse square law |
| electric pressure | volts |
| amount | amps |
| resistance | ohms |
| #18. two bodies of same charge | repel |
| #11. the atomic number (z number) is equal to | protons |
| #8. particles around nucleus | electrons |
| power loss formula | PL= I^2R |
| power formula | P= VI |
| all electrons spin in the same direction | magnetic field |
| converts electrical energy to mechanical energy | motor |
| converts mechanic energy to electrical energy | generator |
| commutator rings | DC motors |
| slip rings | AC motors |
| x-ray tubes use _________ | DC |
| connected to the mA selector | rheostat |
| connected to the kV selector | autotransformer |
| connected to the time selector | timing circuit |
| changes AC to DC | rectifier |
| sends charge to x-ray tube | capacitor |
| takes low voltage from autotransformer and steps it up for the tube | step-up transformer |
| reduces voltage to the filament of the x-ray tube (increases amperage) | step-down transformer |
| eddy, copper loss & hysterisis | transformer powerloss |
| x-rays can be focused by a lens | false |
| x-ray tubes produce beams that are homogenous and monoenergetic | false |
| x-rays produce minute amounts of heat when passing through matter | true |
| x-rays are negatively charged like electrons | false |
| x-rays will ionize atoms by removing electrons from their orbits | true |
| x-rays do not affect photographic film | false |
| x-rays have a dualistic nature; behaving like particles and also like waves | true |
| the direction of a flow of electrons can be affected by a magnetic or electric field | false |
| the direction of a flow of x-rays can be affected by a magnetic or electric field | false |
| #31. electrical ----> mechanical | motor |
| #32. electrical current | AC |
| #33. uses 10 volts and 50 amps | *use power formula* |
| #45. speed of light/x-rays | frequency of radiation multiplied by |
| a unit of exposure in the air equal to creation of 2.08 x 10^9 ion pairs per cc of air | roentgen |
| unit of dose equivalence | rem |
| describes the quantity of radioactive material | curie |
| unit of absorbed dose | rad |
| produces a charge of 2.58 x 10 ^-4 coulombs per kilogram | roentgen |
| SI equivalent is the gray | rad |
| SI equivalent is the sievert | rem |
| determined by rads x quality factor | rem |
| SI equivalent is the becquerel | curie |
| mini solar system | bohr |
| advising agency | NRC |
| kV x mA x t x phase= | heat units |
| use p-n junction semiconductors | solid state rectifier |
| process of changing AC to DC | rectification |
| V = IR (V= volts of potential diff, I= amps of current, R= ohms of resistance) | Ohm's law |
| motor in an x-ray tube | induction motor |
| actual focal spot always larger than effective focal spot | line focus principle |
| #62. single phase at 30 kV, 500 mA, and 1/30th of a second. | *HU formula* |
| #68. what timer is used in a single phase machine? | counting sine waves |
| #75. HU chart | is exposure safe |
| incident electron interacts with electrostatic force field of nucleus | brems interactions |
| incident electron interacts with k-shell electron | characteristic interaction |
| in a DNA macromolecule, the sequence of _______ determines the characteristics of every living thing | nitrogenous organic bases |
| radiation induced chromosome damage may be evaluated during ________ | metaphase |
| primary energy source of cells | carbohydrates |
| provides info controlling cell growth and metabolism | nucleic acid |
| produces antibodies | lymphocytes |
| protein synthesis occurs here | ribosomes |
| somatic cells divide through | mitosis |
| during mitosis, two new nuclei form during _______ | telophase |
| process of reducing cell division | meiosis |
| free radicals behave as an extremely reactive single entity as a result of | unpaired electrons |
| cellular garbage disposal | lysosomes |
| cancer and genetic defects are examples of | stochastic effects |
| #130. | A |
| #135. more damage | B (high LET) |
| #110. Which are by-products of PE absorption? | D (characteristic) |
| the linear, nonthreshold curve implies that biologic response is | directly proportion to the dose |
| stochastic effect is the same as | probabilistic |
| no threshold | stochastic |
| threshold | deterministic |
| nonstochastic = deterministic = threshold | early somatic effects |
| stochastic = probabilistic = nonthreshold | late somatic effects |
| radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation | law of B & T |
| 50% of the population will be dead within 30 days | LD 50/30 |
| the amount of energy delivered per unit track by radiation | LET |
| oxygen concentration will increase the likelihood of radiation damage | OER |
| high LET radiation is likely to cause _____ damage than low LET radiation | more |
| example of high LET radiation | alpha particle |
| a filter operates via | PE interactions |
Created by:
T-Dubb
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