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Calvert Phy Sci Exam
Study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A measurement standard is defined as? | The exact quantity people agree to use for comparison. |
| The prefix kilo- means? | 1,000 |
| The correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature is? | K |
| The variable plotted on the horizaontal or x-axis is called the? | Independent variable |
| In a graph showing temperature change of a material over time, temperature change is the? | Dependent variable |
| The best type of graph to use to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts is? | Circle Graph |
| One benefit of the SI system is that it is? | Based on intervals of ten. |
| A box is 25 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high. How many cubic centimeters of water can it hold? | 600 |
| The lightbulb is an example of? | Technology |
| The process of gathering information through the senses is called? | Observation |
| When designing an experiment, the first step is to? | State the problem |
| A rule or principle that describes what happens in nature is a? | Scientific law |
| An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments is a? | Theory |
| An idea or an object to large or to small can be represented by a ___ to help people better understand it. | Model |
| In an experiment to determine whether the popping of popcorn is affected by the temperature at which it is stored counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n) | Observation |
| A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested is the? | Control |
| A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the? | Constant |
| A factor that is changed in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the? | Independent variable |
| The application of scientific knowledge to help people is? | Technology |
| Particles formed from the covalent bonding of atoms is called a? | molecule |
| A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a? | Polyatomic ion |
| The elements that make up a compound and the exact number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound can be shown in a? | Chemical formula |
| A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a(n) ____ bond. | Covalent |
| The ____ tells you how many electrons an atom must gain, lose, or share to become stable. | Oxidation number |
| The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is always? | Zero |
| The smallest particle of a covalent compound is? | Molecule |
| Which of the following correctly shows the formula for a hydrate? | MgSO4 x 7H20 |
| How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom the be chemically stable? | 8 |
| What is the total number of atoms in the compound Ca(ClO3)2? | 9 |
| How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2 | 7 |
| What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl? | Sodium Chloride |
| Why do the noble gases NOT form compounds readily? | Their outer energy levels are completely filled with electrons. |
| What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine? | Lithium Chloride |
| Which of the following is the correct formula for magnesium nitrate? | Mg(NO3)2 |
| What is the charge of phosphate in K3PO4? | 3- |
| What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide? | MgO |
| Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a ______. | Solid |
| Matter in which atoms are tightly held in place is a _____. | Solid |
| A gas-like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles is a _____. | Plasma |
| Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape is a _____. | Gas |
| Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a _____. | Liquid |
| Most matter _____ when heated. | Expands |
| The theoretical point at which all molecular motion stops is called _____. | Absolute zero |
| Compared to most substances, water is unusual because it _____ when it goes from the liquid to solid state. | Expands |
| The amount of energy needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid is called the heat of _____. | Fusion |
| The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of _____. | Vaporization |
| According to _____, if you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure of the gas will increase. | Boyle's Law |
| According to _____, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not change. | Charle's Law |
| According to _____, the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. | Archimedes' Principle |
| According to _____, as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases. | Bernoulli's Principle |
| Whether an object will sink or float in a fluid is determined by _____. | Archimedes' Principle |
| Bernoulli's principle explains why ____. | Planes fly |
| As a sample of matter is heated, its particles _____. | Move more quickly |
| The most common state of matter in the universe is _____. | Plasma |
| Increasing _____ raises the boiling point of a liquid. | Pressure |
| The idea that matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion is ______. | The kinetic theory of matter |
| The particles that make up a solid move _____ than do the particles that make up a gas. | More slowly |
| A fluid's resistance to flow is called ____. | Viscosity |
| As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will _____ if the pressure remains the same. | Increase |
| As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas will _____ if the temperature remains the same. | Increase |
| The SI unit of pressure is the? | Pascal |
| The central core of an atom is called the? | Hub |
| The chart showing the elements arranged according to their atomic number is the? | Periodic table |
| Elements arranged in vertical columns in the periodic table are called | Groups |
| The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the? | Alpha particle |
| The most penetrating type of radiation is the? | Gamma ray |
| A tube filled with a low-pressure gas with a charged wire running through its center is a? | Geiger counter |
| A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a? | Alpha particle |
| An instrument that detects radiation by means of a superheated liquid is a? | Bubble chamber |
| Negatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are? | Beta particles |
| The discovery of radioactivity by Henri Bequerel involved a? | photographic plate |
| What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl? | sodium chloride |
| The elements that make up a compound and the exact number of each element is shown in a? | chemical formula |
| A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a(n)? | Covalent bond |
| This tells you how many electrons an atom must gain, lose, or share to become stable. | Oxidation number |
| The color of a substance is what type of property? | Physical property |
| Substances are either elements or? | compounds |
| Smoke is considered what type of mixture? | colloid |
| What is a way to separate a mixture using the physical property of boiling point. | Distillation |
| The freezing of water is what type of change? | physical |
| A fruit salad is what type of mixture? | Heterogeneous |
| Flammability is what type of property? | Chemical property |
| The breaking of glass is what type of change? | Physical |
| What is another name for a homogeneous mixture? | Solution |
| The scattering of light by colloids is called? | Tyndall effect |
| The law that states mass is neither gained nor lost in a chemical change is? | Conservation of mass |
| At room temperature most metals are? | solids |
| Elements that form salts by combining with metals are? | halogens |
| Different forms of the same element that have different properties because of different atom arrangements are called? | Allotropes |
| An allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is? | Diamond |
| Hydrogen is grouped with the alkali metals because it is a? | metal |
| Elements in Groups 3 through 12 are called? | Transition metals |
| Metals can be used as wire because they are? | ductile |
| Bromine is the only halogen nad nonmetal that is normally a? | liquid |
| The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature is? | mercury |
| Cobalt, iron and nickel are known as what triad? | iron |
| Any element with an atomic number greater than that or uranium is a? | transuranium element |
| Group eighteen are called? | Noble gases |
| Elements that lie along the stair step line of the periodic table are? | Metalloids |
| A family of elements that contains the most reactive metals is the? | alkali metals |
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bcalvert
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