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Chapter 9 Vocaab
This stack covers all the vocab in Chapter 9 of the Glencoe Psych textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Classical Conditioning | A learning procedure in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus |
| Neutral Stimulus | A stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of an unconditioned response. |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (US) | An event that elicits a certain predictable response typically without previous training |
| Unconditioned Response (UR) | An organism’s automatic reaction to a stimulus |
| Conditioned Response (CS) | A once-neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus |
| Generalization | Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli |
| Discrimination | The ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli |
| Operant Conditioning | Learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurrence |
| Reinforcement | Stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the likelihood that the response will be repeated |
| Primary Reinforcer | Stimulus that is naturally rewarding, such as food or water |
| Secondary Reinforcer | Stimulus such as money that becomes rewarding through its link with a primary reinforcer |
| Fixed-Ratio Schedule | A pattern of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained |
| Variable-Ratio Schedule | A pattern of Reinforcement in which an unpredictable number of responses are required before reinforcement is obtained |
| Fixed-Interval Schedule | A pattern of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement |
| Variable-Interval Schedule | A pattern of reinforcement in which changing amounts of time must elapse before a response will obtain reinforcement |
| Shaping | Technique in which the desired behavior is “molded” by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring ever-closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward |
| Response Chain | Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence, each reaction producing the signal for the next |
| Aversive Control | Process if influencing behavior by means of unpleasant stimuli |
| Negative Reinforcement | Increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs |
| Escape Conditioning | Training of an organism to remove or terminate an unpleasant stimulus |
| Avoidance Conditioning | Training of an organism to respond so as to prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant stimulus |
| Social Leaning | process of altering behavior by observing and imitating the behavior of others |
| Cognitive Learning | Form of altering behavior that involves mental processes and m result from observation or imitation |
| Cognitive Map | A mental picture of spatial relationships between events |
| Latent Learning | Alteration of a behavioral tendency that is not demonstrated by an immediate, observable change in behavior |
| Learned Helplessness | Condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable |
| Modeling | Learning by imitating others; copying behavior |
| Behavior Modification | systematic application of learning principles to change people’s actions and feelings |
| Token Economy | Conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects, which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards |
Created by:
sadams23
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