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SIE- Gen Science II
Test Info
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inorganic compounds | do not contain carbon, were never alive, will not burn (water, metal, minerals) |
| organic compounds | contain carbon, are or once were living , will burn(gasoline, plastics, synthetic materials, animals) |
| hydrophilic | water loving |
| What is the atomic weight of oxygen? | 8 |
| What is the most common vehicle in cosmetic products? | water |
| buffering agent | adjust the pH of a product to make it more acceptiable to the skin |
| Where do non certified colors come from? | natural plant or animal extracts, mineral pigment, or synthetics. |
| chelating agent | a chemical that is added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative; they break down the cell walls of bacteria and other microorganisms so that the preservative is more easily absorbed by the microorganism |
| emollients | lubricate the skin; work as vehicles to help spread other performance ingredients; give cosmetics a soft, smooth feeling |
| distillation | heating to remove one chemical from another |
| performance agents/ingredients | cause skin's physical appearance to change |
| cetyl alcohols | used as an emollient, and emulsifier, an opacifying agent, and a spreading agent |
| surfactant | causes the cosmetic to be able to slip across or onto the skin |
| biochemistry | study of chemical reactions that happen in the body |
| organic chemistry | study of objects that contain carbon |
| amino acid | a protein that helps break down simple sugars, fats, and parts of proteins |
| peptide bond | bond between two or more amino acid groups |
| enzymes | a proteolytic protein that is involved as a catalyst in chemical reactions,used to break down substances; often end in -ate |
| molecule | two or more atoms joined together |
| element | a chemical in its simplest form |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has substance |
| atom | smallest measurable unit of an element |
| proton | very small positively charged particle within atom's nucleus |
| neutron | very small particles with no charge |
| electron | negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom |
| ionic bond | the bond of two ions joining to form a molecule |
| covalent bond | the bond between atoms sharing electrons |
| solvent | liquid part of the solution |
| solute | solid part of the solution |
| disaccharide | two saccharides bonded together |
| lipophilic | fat loving |
| nucleus | center of the atom |
| catalyst | a substance that helps to cause a reaction, or speed up a reaction, without its atoms becoming a direct part of the reactions's product |
| chemical reaction | a reaction between two elements or two compounds that results in chemical changes |
| ion | charged atoms; when atoms "steal" or "give away" electrons to each other |
| saccharides | can refer to any carbohydrate group |
| polysaccharides | many saccharides bonded together |
| polymer | chains of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonded together; spreading agents that help many ingredienst adhere to the skin surface or penetrate performance ingredients |
| suspension | a liquid solution in which the internal and external phases do not stay mixed for any length of time |
| solution | a mixture of chemicals |
| pH | the measurement of positively charged hydrogen ions in a substance |
| functional ingredients | help the product to spread across skin, keep the product mixed and uniform in texture, adjust the pH of a product, and keep the product fresh |
| deionizing | this process neutralizes ions that can cross-react with other ingredients or make the product unstable |
| silicones | a protective emollient that leaves a protective film on the surface of the skin |
| fatty acids | derived from plant or animal sources; help to give a soft, firm texture to lotions and creams |
| fatty alcohols | fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen; used as vehicles and emollients in skin-care products and cosmetics; heavier |
| fatty esters | fatty substances used as vehicles and emollients; organic acid combines with alcohol; used to smooth surface of skin and hair; lighter |
| rancid | discoloration and/or odor due to oxidation |
| What are the four basic types of surfactants? | anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric |
| emulsifiers | chemicals that keep water and oil solutions well mixed |
| preservatives/antimicrobials | chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms in creams or cosmetic products |
| antioxidants | chemicals that are added to cosmetic formulas to prevent oxidation |
| microecapsulation | process of using barrier and intercellular compatible materials like lipids to form special micro-shells to protect and better penetrate ingredients |
| phospholipids | naturally moisturizing lipids found within the skin |
| liposomes | hollow spheres made of phospholipids that are used to transport other agents |
| loaded liposomes | liposome carrying ingredient, ingredient will penetrate the skin, liposome will dissolve releasing ingredients into the intercellular cement |
| microsponge | releases an active ingredient once inside the skin or on the skin's surface |
| nanosphere | releases an active ingredient once inside the skin |
| oxidation | the process by which oxygen is esposed to certain ingredients, which results in a breakdown of the ingredient |
| gellant | added to product to give it a gel-like consistancy |
| lakes | certified colors regulated by the FDA |
| micelles | overemulsified ingredient |
| active agents | chemicals that cause physical changes in the skin's appearance |
| active ingredients | ingredients in drug products that cause a change in the function of the human body |
| vehicles | ingredients used as spreading agents |
| protectants | chemicals that stop water evaporation |
| petrolatum (petroleum jelly) | used as a vehicle, protectant, and lubricant; prevents urine and soggy diapers from irritating the baby's sensitive skin |
| biologically inert | will not react with the chemicals in the human body |
| detergents | surfactants that are used for cleansing |
| globules | oil droplets in an o/w emulsion |
| homogenizers | high-speed mixers used to emulsify lotions and creams |
| emulsions | an unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with aid of an emulsifier |
| miscible | capable of being mixed |
| immiscible | incapable of being mixed |
| oil-in-water | mostly water; lighter and easier to spread, used in moisturizers |
| water-in-oil | mostly oil; heavier, used in heavy cold creams |
| anionic surfactants | are stron cleansers used in household products |
| cationic surfactants | used in cosmetics and hair shampoos |
| amphoteric surfactants | used in facial lotions and creams |
| nonionic surfactants | used in heavier creams such as hand cream |
| non-certified colors | derived from plant or animal extracts, mineral pigments, and sometimes synthetic colors; intended to be used around the eyes |
Created by:
Lizziewiz
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