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Com 152
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Critical Thinking | The ability to form and defend your own judgements rather than blindly accepting or instantly rejecting what you hear or read |
| facts | statements that can be verified by someone other than the speaker. |
| opinions | Subjective judgement base on experience or expertise, not capable og being verifed by others. |
| strategic planning | The process of identifying your goals and then determine how to achieve them. |
| communication | interaction tha builds connection between people that helps them to understand each other. |
| Feedback | Responses from the audience to the speaker, often the form of nonverbal cues. |
| public | open or accesible by others; affects each other. |
| Public forum | A space in which citizens discuss issues affecting themselves. Needs cooperation, decision requires subjective jusdgement, and a decision is required. |
| situation | The particular context in which a speech is given. |
| Rhetoric | The study of how message affects people. |
| Rhetorical situation | A situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages. |
| identification | Formation of common bonds between the speaker and the audience. |
| Determinants for rhetorical situation. | Occasion, speaker, speech, Audience. |
| ceremonial | Speaking that focuses on the present and is usually concerned with praise. |
| deliberative | speaking that focuses on the future and is considered what should be done. |
| forensics | Speaking that focuses on the past and deals with justice. |
| exigence | A problem that cannot be avoided, but can be solved by a appropriate message. |
| informing | Providing listeners with new ideas. |
| persuading | influence listeners' attititudes and behavior. |
| entertaining | stimulating the sense of community throught the celebration of common bonds among speaker and listeners. |
| strategy | A plan of action to achieve stated goals. |
| invention | Th generation of materials for the speech. |
| arrangement | The structuring of materials within the main ideas, the organization of main idea within the body of a speech, and the overall strucure of introduction, body, and conclusion. |
| style | The distinct character that makes a speach recognizable |
| delivery | The presentation of the speech to an audience. |
| memory | Mental recall of the key ideas and the basic structure of the speech. |
| Extemporaneous presentation | A mode of delivery which is planned with the script. |
| Manual script | Delivery in which th espeaker reads aloud a prepared text. |
| High ethical standards | Respect for Listeners, Respect for topic, Responsibility for your statements concern for the consequences of your speech. |
| Responsibility for your statements; Plagiarism | using another person's words as if they were your own. |
| purpose | The goal of the speech, the response sought from the listeners. |
| thesis | The main idea of the speech, usually stated in one or two sentences. |
| ethos | the speakers character as perceived by the audience. |
| Logos | substance and structure of a speech's ideas |
| pathos | refers to the speaker's evoking of appropriate emotion for the audience. |
| introduction | Beginning of a speech. Designed to get the audience's attention, to state the thesis. and to preview the development of the speech. |
| body | The largest portion of your speech;includes the development of supporting materials to prov the thesis and any subsidary claims. |
| supporting materials | All forms of evidence that lend to the truth of a claim. |
| conclusion | The end of a speech; draws together the ,main points and provides a note of finality. |
| preparation outline | An outline used developing a speech; main ideas and supporting materials are usually set forth in complete sentences. |
| presentation outline | An outline used while presenting a speech; concists of keywords on the index cards. |
| communication apprehension | Fears and worries about communicating with each other. |
| anticipation reaction | increase anxiety felt by whil thinking in advance about giving a speech |
| confrontation reaction | increase anxiety when beginning to speak. |
| Hearing | A sensory process in which sound waves are transmitted to the brain. |
| listening | A mental operation involving processing sound waves, interpreting their meaning, and storing their meaning and in memory. |
| attention span | The length of time a person will attend to a message without feeling distracted. |
| assimilation | The tendency to regard two similar messages as basically identical, blurring the distinction between them. |
| mapping | Diagramming the relationship between the thesis of a speech and its main idea. |
| critical listening | Listening that enables you to offer both an accurate rendering of the speech and an interpretation and assesment of it. |
| assumptions | unstated, taken-for granted beliefs in a particular situation. |
| reflective | considered, thoughtful |
| critical judgements | Judgements that can be articulated and defended by providing the reasons for them. |
| expediency standard | Evaluation of a speech according to the effects it produced. |
| atistic standard | Evaluation of a speech according to its ethical execution of principles of public speaking without regard to its actual effects. |
| rhetorical crticism | The analytical assessment of messages that are intended to affect other people. |
| empathy | feeling what listeners feel and knowing what they think. |
| volume | loudness of voice. |
| pitch | placement of the voice on the musical scale, ranging from high to low. |
| monotone | a very narrow, unchanging the pitch range. |
| rate | the speed at which a person speaks, measured in words per minute. |
| pauses | periods of brief silence within a speech. |
| vocalize pauses | uh or um |
| articulation | Precision and clarity in the production of individual vocal sounds. |
| enunciation | Precision and distinctness in sounding words. |
| prononciation | sounding of a word in the accepted way. |
| dialect | A prononciation pattern that characterizes a particular geographic area,economic or socal class, or cultural factors. |
| inflection | Prononciation pattern for a sentence as whole. |
| gesture | Movement of hands and arms during the speech for emphasis. |
| anticipation step | First step of gesture; bring the hands to the middle before making the gesture. |
| implementation step | execution of gesture |
| relaxation step | returning hands to a normal posiiton. |
| eye contact | looking directly at members of the audience. |
| distributed practice | practice spread over time. |
| massed practice | A long practice before delivering the speech. |
| topic | The subject area of the speech. |
| brain storming | A mental free-association exercise which identifies without evaluation. |
| topoi | common or typical categories for organizing subject matter. |
| perspective | The point of view from which one approaches a topic. |
| agenda setting | Causing listeners to be aware of and to think about a topic that previously had escaped their attention. |
| conversion | The replacement of one setof beliefs by another that is inconsistent with the first. |
| general purpose statement | Statement of the overall goal of the speech |
| specific purpose statement | Statement of the particular outcome sought from the audience; a more specific version of a general purpose. |
| issue | A question raised by the thesis statement that must be addressed in order for the thesis itself to be addressed effectively. |
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