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chapter 14 key words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abrasion | scraping wound to the skin |
| acute | having a short & relatively severe course |
| anatomic position | the position in which the patient is standing erect with the face directed forward arms extended by the sides with the palms facing forward and the toes pointing anteriorly |
| anomaly | congenital conditions that cause abnormal variations in the shape or form of a body part |
| articulation/joint | places where bones are joined together |
| atrophy | a wasting away; reduction in size of a tissue organ or part |
| benign | not malignant, not recurrent favorable for recovery |
| cartilage | tough fibrous tissue, connective tissue that is both flexible and stiff |
| central nervous system (CNS) | the brain and spinal cord |
| chronic | persisting over long period of time |
| congenital | referring to conditions that are present at birth |
| contusion | a bruise; an injury of a part that a break in blood vessel |
| degeneration | deterioration or impairment of an organ or body part |
| diagnose | process of identifying a disease |
| dislocation | the movement of a bone from its normal location within a joint |
| edema | the accumulation of excessive fluid in the subcutaneous |
| fracture | bone injury in which the tissue of the bone is broken |
| gastrointestinal (GI) tract (alimentary tract) | a hollow tube that is open at both ends - food enters at the mouth until it is excreted as waste |
| hormone | secretions from glands that are released directly into the blood stream rather than duct |
| iatrogenic | diseases that occur as the results of treatment by health professionals |
| anatomy | refers to the structure of the human body |
| physiology | study of the function of the human body |
| idiopathic | when the cause of the disease is unknown |
| infection | exogenous disease caused by microbiologic agents |
| "hepat"- | liver |
| anti- | against |
| "ante-" | before; in front of |
| "lith-" | stone |
| "decub" | recumbent; in radiology refers to patient in a recumbent position with a horizontal beam. Is named according the dependent surface. |
| "ectomy" | surgical removal |
| "hyper-" | above |
| "-osis" | condition |
| inflammation | the immunes system's response to cellular injury |
| ischemia | deficiency of blood in a body part because of functional constriction or actual obstruction |
| laceration | cuts or tears to the skin |
| lesion | a circumscribed area of pathologic tissue; a sore |
| ligament | flexible bands of fibrous tissue that bind joints together and provide connections between bones and cartilage |
| lymph | fluid that surrounds the cells and serves to move fluid and certain large molecules from the cells to the circulatory system |
| malignant | tending to become progressively worse and to result in death; said of tumors |
| metastasis | a growth of pathogenic microorganisms of abnormal cells distant from the site primarily involved |
| microorganism | a living organism too small to see with the naked human eye |
| neoplasm | growth or tumor |
| nosocomial | pertaining to or originating in a hospital as in nosocomial disease |
| pathology | the study of disease which causes change in the structure or function of body tissue and organs |
| peripheral | situated away from the center or central structure |
| prognosis | prediction of the course of the disease and the prospect for the patient |
| projection | indicates the path of the CR from the tube and through the patient to IR and is named using anatomic turns |
| sign | objective manifestations that can be the examiner |
| sprain | injury to the ligaments tendon and muscle that surround a joint |
| strain | muscle damage from excessive physical effort or force |
| symptom | patient's reported conception of the condition are subjective |
| syndrome | a group of manifestations that taken together are typical of a specific condition |
| tendon | bands of fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bones |
| trauma | physical injury caused by an object |
| ulcer | a crater like sore on the skin or a mucous membrane |
| vascular insufficiency | lack of adequate blood flow |
| organelles | tiny structures in the cell that perform the work of the cell |
| cortex | the hard compact bone |
| spongy | bone tissue that has a honeycomb or trabecular structure |
| medullary canal | the spaces with in cancellous (spongy) bone contain marrow |
| marrow | a fatty substance containing blood vessels and immature blood cells |
| joint cartilage | covers the surface of bones that form moving joints |
| periosteum | tough fibrous membrane that covers all bone surface except |
| diaphysis | the long shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | the flared portion of a long bone |
| epiphysis | the rounded ends of a long bone that forms joints |
| epiphyseal plate | (growth plate) center for bone growth; is made of cartilage early in life; when the bone is mature the growth plate ossifies |
| epiphyseal line | the ossified growth plate |
| condyle | a rounded process that forms part of a joint |
| coracoid | a pointed projection |
| coronoid | a beak like projection |
| crest | a bony ridge |
| epicondyle | a projection above a condyle |
| facet | a small smooth process that forms of a joint |
| head | the rounded wide end of a long bone |
| malleolus | a club shaped projection |
| process/protuberence | a general term for a projection |
| spine | a sharp process or a sharp ridge |
| styloid | a long sharp process |
| trochanter | one of the large rounded processes of the femur |
| tubercle | a small rounded process |
| tuberosity | a rounded process larger than a tubercle although the terms are sometimes used interchangeabley |
| fissure/groove | a linear depression, a groove |
| foramen | a hole in a bone for the passage of blood vessels and nerves |
| fossa | a pit or hollow |
| sinus | a cavity or hollow space |
| sulcus | a trench like depression; a deep fissure |
| synarthrosis | joint that does not move |
| amphiarthrosis | joint has very limited motion articular surfaces are covered by fibrous cartilages or cushioned by disks of fibrous cartilage |
| diarthrosis | joints that can move freely; bones are shaped to fit together to accomplish required movement and articular surfaces are covered by articular cartilage. A fibrous capsule that is lined with synovial membrane surrounds the joint |
| synovial fluid | Fluid within joints that provide moisture to lubricate the joint |
| bursa | sacs filled with synovial fluid and cushion the movements of tendons or muscles |
| circumduction | the ability to move in a circle |
| ball & socket joint | end of one bone looks like a ball that fits into the socket of another bone |
| rotation | the ability to turn on axis |
| angular motion | the ability to move back and forth in one plane that is to bend |
| gliding motion | occurs when one bone slides over another |
| abduct/abduction | movement of an arm or leg away from the central part of the body |
| adduct/adduction | movement of an arm or leg toward the central part of the body |
| evert/eversion | turning outward |
| extended/extension | straightening of a hinge joint backward; bending of the spine |
| flex/flexion | bending of a hinge joint; decreasing the angle between the bones that make up the joint |
| invert/inversion | turning inward |
| pronate/pronation | turning of the arm so that the palm of the hand is down |
| supinate/supination | turning of the arm so that the palm of the hand is up |
| anterior/vental | forward or front portion of the body or body part |
| caudal/caudad | away from the head |
| central | pertaining to the middle area or main part of the organ or body part |
| cephalic/cephalad | pertaining to the head; toward the head |
| distal | away from the source or point of origin |
| dorsal/posterior | pertaining to the back part or surface of the body part; the top surface of the foot or back of the hand |
| external | to the outside at or near the surface of the body or body part |
| inferior | below; farther from the head |
| internal | deep, near the center of the body or body part |
| lateral | referring to the side away from the center to the left or right |
| medial/mesial | toward the center of the body or the center of a part |
| palmar | referring to the palm (anterior surface) of the hand |
| parietal | referring to the walls of a cavity |
| plantar | referring to the sole of the foot |
| proximal | toward the source or point of origin |
| superior | above; toward the head |
| visceral | pertaining to organs |
| hyperplasia | increase in size of tissue or organs due to increase number of cells |
| hypertrophy | refers to the increase in the cell size |
| endogenous | internal disease |
| exogenous | disease caused by external agent |
| necrosis | death of tissue |
| infarct | area of tissue that has undergone necrosis |
| deficiency | any condition that compromises body function as a result of lack of required substance |
| "itis" | inflammation |
Created by:
mdtodd
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