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Presentation 1
Psychology 100 Personality Chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nomothetic Approach | Looks at behaviors or ALL people, general rules that govern MOST people |
| Idiographic Approach | Characteristics & history of a specific individual. Like case studies; looking at factors that contribute to one person's personality |
| Traits | Relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behavior across many situations (and don't change, generally speaking) |
| Somatogenic Model | Caused by Physiology |
| Psychogenic Model | Caused by psychological factors |
| Id | Most primitive part of personality, entirely unconscious & present at birth and strives to satisfy sexual & aggressive drives |
| Libido | Sexual energy or motivation |
| Pleasure Principle | Seeking immediate gratification |
| Ego | The organized, rational and planning dimensions of personality. Mediates the demands of the id and superego, and operates on reality principle |
| Reality Principle | Capacity to postpone gratification until appropriate time exists |
| Superego (Conscience) | Represents internalized societal & familial ideals. |
| Defense Mechanisms | Unconscious mental processes |
| Repression | Unconscious forgetting |
| Rationalization | Justifying one's actions with socially acceptable explanations |
| Displacement | Emotional impulses are redirected to a less threatening target |
| Fixation | Try to achieve pleasure as an adult in ways equivalent to that stage |
| Oedipus/Electra Complex | Child develops sexual attraction to parent of opposite sex, and hostility toward same-sex parent |
| Castration Anxiety | Realization that father is physically powerful; fears punishment by castration |
| Penis Envy | Realizes penis is a symbol of power and transfers her love to her father |
| Identification | Person models behavior of another to reduce anxiety |
| Trait Approaches | Describing and understanding the structure of personality mark consistencies in our behavior |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | Widely used structured test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders |
| Empirical Method of Test Construction | Begin with two or more criterion groups; Examine which items best distinguish them |
| Face Validity | The extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring |
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