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Pharm FINAL to know2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antithrombolic drugs | Inhibit the action or formation of clotting factors, prevent clot formation; Warfarin, Heparin |
| Thrombolytic drugs | Lyse (break down) existing clots |
| Antilipemic drugs | fibric acid derivatives nicotinic acid (niacin) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Bile acid sequestrants |
| Statins | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors |
| Antithyroid drugs | snythroid |
| Hypothyroid | Decreased metabolism/slowing; dry skin, brittle nails; decreased appetite; constipation; weight gain; fatigue; myxedema; bradycardia & cardiac changes; body temp; serum cholesterol; resp distress; depression, confusion; sleep apnea |
| Hyperthyroid | Increased metabolism/revving; weight loss; increased appetite; fatigue; anxiety, delirium; tremor; fever; tachycardia, palpitations; diarrhea; exophthalmus; muscle changes, LVH; HF |
| Type 1 Diabetes | Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells; Juvenile onset; Produces little or no insulin; usually not obese; normal Insulin RECEPTORS; Insulin dependent |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Genetic defects; usually obesity; insulin resistance → ↓ # insulin receptors; Usually old age > 40 yo, > youths 2⁰ adolescent obesity; 80% or >; Normal Insulin LEVELS;Tx: wt. loss, diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics (about 1/3 end up on insulin) |
| DM- Hypoglycemia: | early signs – irritability and confusion); Nervousness, sweating, lethargy, weakness, cold & clammy skin; Hyperglycemia: Tachycardia, BS greater than 150 mg/dL, Kussmaul’s respirations; FBG= >126 mg/dL, casual BS> 200 mg/dL |
| AntiDiabetic drugs (oral drugs to decrease BS) | Sulfonylureas –1st & 2nd generation; Meglitinides- (Prandin), (Starlix); - metformin (Glucophage); Thiazolidinediones(“glitazones”)- pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia); Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors- acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset) |
| Increase BS | Oral forms of concentrated glucose (Buccal tablets, semisolid gel); D50W; glucagon; diazoxide |
| Decongestant | MOA- Adrenergics-Nasal steroids- ↓ inflammation ADR- Nervousness; Local mucosal dryness; Insomnia; Palpitations; Tremors NI- HTN, palpitations & CNS (√ w/ MD before taking OTC; Avoid caffeine; Report fever, cough or other symptoms lasting > week |
| Antihistamine | Inhibit ACh by binding to H1 receptors; Prevent cholinergic stimulation in vestibular and reticular areas, preventing N/V Indication- If taken for vertigo - need to take consistently used for motion sickness, nonproductive cough, allergy, sedation, |
| Corticosteroids - ADR | Pharyngeal irritation; Coughing; Dry mouth; Oral fungal infections Systemic effects are rare because of the low doses used for inhalation therapy |
| Asthma –treatment for | Long term Antileukotrienes cromolyn Inhaled steroids Long-acting β2-agonists Quick relief Intravenous systemic corticosteroids Short-acting inhaled β2-agonists |
| Aminoglycosides | ADR- h/a, vertigo, and nausea, superinfection Toxicity- great that 2 mcg/ mL= toxicity (oto and nephro) |
| Sulfonamides | MOA- Bacteriostatic action (not Bactericidal)- inhibit growth; Prevent synthesis of folic acid required for synthesis of DNA’s/RNA’s. It interferes with metabolism of bacteria; Only affect microorganisms that synthesize their own folic acid; |
| Sulfonamides | Indication- UTIs; Respiratory Infections- URTI- now less effective against strep; Otitis media; Common tx with outpt. MRSA (Staph infections) |
| Tetracycline | MOA- Bacteriostatic → inhibit bacterial growth by inhibit protein synthesis indication- Broad Spectrum: Gram - & Gram +, protozoa, mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia, syphilis, Lyme disease (spirochetal infections), acne *-cyclines |
| Cephalosporin | If allergic to Penicillins- also allergic to other beta-lactam antibiotics- including cephalosporins mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus,redness, edema |
| Cephalosporin generations | 1st gen- surgical prophylaxis, URIs, otitis media 2nd gen- surgical prophylaxis 3rd gen- difficult-to-treat organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4th gen- UTI, skin infections, and pneumonia 5th gen- MRSA, Pseudomonas spp. |
| Cephalosporin | NI- drug allergies, renal, liver and cardiac function, obtain cultures; assess for superinfection Pt. teaching- don’t stop taking until all meds are gone; take w/ 6-8 oz of H2O for better absorption |
| Causes for PUD | Genetics; Stress; Cigarette smoking - which ↑ HCl production, ↓ blood flow and ↓ prostaglandins; NSAIDS - ↓ prostaglandins, directly irritate gastric mucosa |
| What barriers protect stomach lining? | Mucous cells, Prostaglandins, Bicarb |
Created by:
ethompso08
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