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RA QI:Final
Facial Bones and Facial Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color | restorative art |
| anatomical study of the face and the features | physiognomy |
| natural, most common characteristic of a feature or anatomical part | norm |
| exception to the norm, anatomical oddity | anomaly |
| front of the body, in front of point of reference | anterior |
| toward the back of the body or point of reference | posterior |
| toward the head of the body, above a point of reference | superior |
| toward the feet, below a point of reference | inferior |
| toward the middle or midline | medial |
| away from the middle, on the side | lateral |
| on both sides | bilateral |
| jutting out of a part or structure in comparison with a background plane or another part of the structure | projection |
| the moving backward of a part in comparison to a foreground plane | recession |
| curving or bulging outward or forward | convex curvature |
| curving or sinking inward or backward from a foreground plane | concave curvature |
| the top or the bottom of a curved surface, where the direction changes | crest of a curvature |
| the state of being out of balance or alignment | asymmetry |
| structure purpose: to give support and shape to all anatomical features superior to it | Bone |
| typical shape of the skull | ovoid |
| the width of the skull is approximately _____ its length | 2/3 |
| name the 6 cranial bones | frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital |
| name the 7 facial bones | nasal (2), zygomatic (2), maxillary (2), mandible |
| most posterior and inferior of the cranial bones | occipital |
| occipital bone sep. from the parietal and temporal bones by the _____ suture | lambdoidal |
| located medially on the inferior surface of the occipital bone, spinal cord descends through this | foramen magnum |
| small eminence located medially and posterior to the foramen magnum | external occipital protuberance |
| bony ridge that extends bilaterally from the external occipital protuberance | superior nuchal crest |
| large eminences on either side of the foramen magnum, C1 fits into these | occipital condyles |
| bones located superior to the temporal and occipital bones and posterior to the frontal bone | parietal bones |
| suture that sep. the two parietal bones | midsagital suture |
| suture that seps. parietal bones from occipital | lambdoidal suture |
| suture that seps. temporal bones from parietals | squamosal suture |
| suture that seps. frontal bone from parietals | coronal suture |
| bump that marks the change in direction of the parietal bone | parietal eminence |
| widest part of the skull is measured between these landmarks | parietal eminences |
| bones inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone | temporal bones |
| suture that seps. occipital from temporal | lambdoidal |
| suture that seps. parietal and temporal | squamosal |
| anterior and superior part of the temporal bone, the thinnest bone of the skull | squama |
| tube-like opening on the temporal bone leads to inner ear | external auditory meatus |
| small socket-like depression anterior to ear passage on temporal bone | mandibular fossa |
| most posteroinferior part of the temporal bone, SCM muscle attaches here | mastoid process |
| widest part of the neck is measured at this landmark | mastoid processes |
| narrow ribbon-like landmark that touches zygomatic bone, originates on temporal bone | zygomatic arch |
| the widest part of the face as a whole is measured here | between zygomatic arches |
| most anterosuperior bone of the cranium | frontal |
| suture that seps. frontal bone from parietals | coronal |
| suture that seps. frontal bone from temporals | squamosal |
| rounded bumps on the frontal bone which mark the change in direction, hairline begins here | frontal eminences |
| comma-like bumps above the medial part of the eyebrow on the frontal bone | supercilliary arches |
| bony ridge behind the eyebrows on the frontal bone | supraorbital margin |
| small smooth elevation between the eyebrows, just above the nose on the frontal bone | glabella |
| vertical ridge on each side of of the vertical surface of the frontal bone | lines of the temple |
| the angle measured on the inside of the line of the temple measures | 110 degrees |
| facial bones that lie directly inferior and obliquely anterior to the glabella | nasal bones |
| forms the superior portion of the nasal cavity | perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone |
| forms the inferior portion of the nasal cavity | vomer bone |
| facial bones located inferior and lateral to orbital cavities | zygomatic bones |
| point where the front of the cheek changes direction, located inferolateral to the corner of the eye | prominences of the cheek |
| the widest part of the anterior plane of the face is measured between these facial landmarks | prominences of the cheek |
| a naturally reddened portion of the skin due to the concentration of capillaries-name an example | warm areas-prominences of the cheek |
| located inferior to the nasal cavity and lateral to the nasal cavity and the nasal bone | maxillary bones |
| forms the posterior part of the nasal septum at the midline | maxillary bone, nasal spine |
| tooth sockets, how many? | alveolar margin, 16 |
| roof of the mouth, what bone? | palatine process, maxillary bone |
| most anterior and inferior bone of the skull | mandible |
| curved horizontal part of the mandible | body |
| the straight vertical portions of the mandible | ramus |
| projection of mandible at the midline, just above the base of the chin | mental eminence |
| depression of the mandible btw the mental eminence and the incisors | incisive fossa |
| angle formed by the joining of the ramus and the body of the mandible | angle of the mandible |
| range of the mandibular angle in prime of life? in old age? | 110-120, old age: 140 |
| knob-like end of ramus of mandible, fits into the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone | mandibular condyle |
| projection of the jaws or a part of the jaws beyond the upper part of the face | prognathism |
| the direction of the furrow of a muscle is always at a _____ angle to the striation of the muscle | right |
| the ability of a muscle to go back to its original position and to hold that position | muscle tone |
| stationary point of muscle attachment | origin |
| point of muscle attachment where the pull of the muscle is applied when the muscle contracts | insertion |
| what a muscle does | action |
| directional alignment of the fibers in a muscle, the grain | striation |
| area of muscle where bulk of volume is located | belly |
| connective tissue which attaches the muscle to another structure | tendon |
| a muscle which surrounds a natural body opening, purse string action | sphincter |
| fan shaped muscle, multiple origins to one point of insertion | radiating |
| muscles that reverse the action of each other | antagonistic |
| muscle that raises the eyebrows | occipito-frontalis |
| the muscle of surprise | occipito-frontalis |
| a tendon that covers the top of the skull and part of the sides of the skull | Gali Aponeurotica |
| muscle located on the temporal bone, the strongest chewing muscle | temporalis |
| muscle that forms the eyelids, allows us to blink | orbicularis oculi |
| crow's feet | optic facial sulci |
| muscle that draws the medial ends of the eyebrows together and down | corrigator |
| the frowning muscle | corrigator |
| deep line in the middle of the forehead when frowning | vertical intercilliary sulcus |
| muscle that raises the eyelid | levator palpabrae superioris |
| the ridge on the upper eyelid where eyelashes grow out of | tarsis |
| shallow wrinkles on the upper eyelids | linear sulci |
| helps the corrigator in frowning, draws medial ends of the eyebrows forward and down | procerus |
| shallow wrinkles across the root of the nose | transverse intercilliary sulci |
| right angle to the procerus muscle, aids in widening the nostrils | depressor nasalis |
| nasalis muscle | depressor nasalis |
| sphincter muscle which closes and protrudes the lips | orbicularis oris |
| vertical depression on the midline of lip, dividing into two irregular halves | philtrum |
| raises the upper lip and wing of the nose | levator labii superioris alaquae nasi |
| common elevator | levator labii superioris alaquae nasi |
| medial head of the quadratus | levator labii superioris alaquae nasi |
| main muscle that raises and moves the upper lip | levator labii superioris |
| intermediate head of the quadratus | levator labii superioris |
| raises the corner of the mouth superiorly and laterally | zygomaticus minor |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus minor |
| lateral head of the quadratus | zygomaticus minor |
| lifts the corner of the mouth | levator anguli oris |
| snarling muscle | levator anguli oris |
| laughing muscle | zygomaticus major |
| deepest of the cheek muscles | buccinator |
| compresses the cheek | buccinator |
| bugler's/trumpeter's muscle | buccinator |
| intermediate of the cheek muscles | masseter |
| helps to raise the mandible for speech and chewing | masseter |
| most superficial of the cheek muscles | risorius |
| retracts the sides of the mouth bilaterally and exposes the teeth | risorius |
| grinner, grin-maker | risorius |
| pulls down the corner/angle of the mouth | depressor anguli oris |
| triangularis | depressor anguli oris |
| pulls lower lip downward, primary mover of the lower lip | depressor labii inferioris |
| raises and protrudes the lower lip, gives fullness to the chin | mentalis |
| place to perform the musculature suture for mouth closure | mentalis |
| shock and horror muscle | platysma |
| muscles that act together to rotate the head | sterno-cleido-mastoid |
| these two muscles form the cords of the neck in old age | digastricus and omo-hyoidius |
| abnormal upper jaw projection | maxillary prognathism |
| abnormal genetic projection of the body of the mandible-a werewolf look | mandibular prognathism |
| abnormal forward projection of the sockets and teeth | alveolar prognathism |
| buck teeth/overbite: teeth grow forward out of sockets too far forward | dental prognathism |
| abnormal forward projection of the upper jaw beneath the nose | infranasal prognathism |
| the widest part of the neck is measured | distance between SCM muscle at the mastoid processes |
| brown or black pigment of the skin | melanin |
| local and permanent concentration of melanin due to aging (two terms) | chloasma, liver spots |
| localized absence or permanent absence of melanin, gradual loss of color (two terms) | leukoderma, vitiligo |
| congenital absence of melanin | albinism |
| localized increase in dermal cells, a neoplasm (two terms) | nevus, mole |
| local and temporary concentration of melanocytes-freckles | lentigo |
| yellow pigment found in low levels of epidermis | carotene |
| pigment found in the blood of superficial capillaries | hematin |
| port wine stain due to benign blood tumor of the face | angioma |
| three basic facial profiles | convex, concave, vertical |
| most common facial profile | convex |
| facial profile in which the forehead recedes (curves back) from the eyebrow to the hairline and the chin recedes from the projection of the upper lip | convex |
| facial profile where forehead, upper lip, and chin all project to the same line | vertical |
| facial profile in which the forehead protrudes from eyebrow to hairline and the chin protrudes farther than the philtrum | concave |
| least common facial profile | concave |
| how many possible facial profiles? | 9 |
| how many variations of the facial profiles? name them. | 6. convex-concave, convex-vertical, concave-convex, concave-vertical, vertical-concave, vertical-convex |
| how many geometric frontal shapes of the face | 7 |
| frontal face shape where the length is approximately the width (two terms) | round, infantine |
| frontal face shape where the width equals 2/3s length, most common | oval |
| frontal face shape where the length and width are equal (two terms) | square |
| frontal face shape, width is less than 2/3s length, long and narrow | oblong |
| frontal face shape, greatest width is at angles of mandible, least common | triangular |
| frontal face shape, widest between temples, flat forehead | inverted triangle |
| frontal face shape, greatest width across cheek bones, narrow forehead, narrow jaws | diamond |
| the division of the upper third of the face is between | hairline and upper border of the eyebrow |
| the division of the middle third of the face is between | upper border of the eyebrow to the base of the nose |
| the division of the lower third of the face is between | base of the nose and base of the chin |
| the superior 1/3 of the lower third of the face is between | base of nose to line of lip closure |
| the middle 1/3 of the lower third of the face is between | line of lip closure to labiomental sulcus |
| the inferior 1/3 of the lower third of the face is between | labiomental sulcus and base of the chin |
| the line of lip closure should lie _____ between the base of the nose and the top of the chin | halfway |
| all of the supplemental equalities equal ____ of the face | 2/3 |
| hairline to base of nose is equal to 3 things: | eyebrow to base of chin, tip of the nose to ear passage, ear passage to ear passage |
| face is ___ eyewidths wide from zygomatic arch to zygomatic arch | 5 |
| Old ways and why they didn't work | plaster of paris, clay, paraffin |
| didn't work because shrinks and discolors | plaster of paris |
| didn't work because nothing would stick to it | clay |
| didn't work because hard to stick and doesn't take cosmetics | paraffin |
| derma surgery, plastar surgery, demi surgery | old terms of R/A |
| less then 20 min, one step | minor r/a |
| more than 20 min, multiple steps | major r/a |
| oblique shape | inclination |
| muscle with ribbion like tendon | aponeurosis |
| levator labii superiris alaque nasi, levator labbii superious, zygomaticus minor, levator anguli orris | quadratis muscle |
| adipose, glands, deep fascia(connective tissue), superficial fascia | 4 types of tissue |
| thinest tissues over the | eyelid |
| made up of caralidge, and ceruminous glands | ear |
| farthest distance between skin and bone | cheek |
| cell producing melainin | melanocytes |
| blood vessles, nurves, deep, sebacious glands, and sudoriforus glands | dermis |
| superficial, protects from dehydration, contains melanocytes | epidermis |
| aging, exposure to uv light, climate or weather, heredity | factors affecting age |
| normal/natural light | best lighting for photo |
| direct light | not best |
| flat lighting | close intense flash- wash out |
| comparision of 2 sides of face/features to observe and note similarites/differences | bilateral view |
| standard by which we measure human appearance-basis for comparison, by greeks | canon of beauty |
| any bertical measurement | length |
| any horizontal measurement | width |
| vertical measurment of a part of a feature within a greater verical measurement | height |
| apex to base of chin | head |
| 7.5 to 8 times head hight | body height |
| head shape | oval |
| hairline to base of nose, eyebrow to base of chin, tip of nose to ear passage, ear passage to ear passage straight through head | all 2/3 of face known as supplemental equalities |
| 1/2 between vertex of cranium and base of chin | line of eye closure |
| best portate view | 3/4 view |
| photo age | 6months |
| any area or surface of face lying at a right angle to source of illumination which relfects max amount of light | highlight |
| any part not at right angle away from light | shaddow |
Created by:
amyziolkowski
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