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Psychology chapter 4
Stack #50921
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| Sensation | How we detect and encode physical energy |
| Perception | How we organize and intrepret sensation |
| Bottom up processing | start with sensory info and then interpret |
| top down precessing | start with mental idea and apply to sensory info (reading) |
| Absolute threshold | min stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulation |
| difference threshold | min difference between two stimuli required for detection |
| subliminal | below our absolute threshold, percieved unconciously |
| electromagnetic energy | color: wavelength=color, height=brightness |
| vision | light enters cornea, passes through pupil,pupil size controlled by iris, lens focuses light on retina (upside down), |
| fovea | point of central focus |
| Retina | receptor cells |
| rods | black/white, dim light |
| optic nerve | carries messages from the eye to the brain |
| blind spot | where optic nerve leaves the eye |
| optic chiasm | optic nerve chords |
| Trichromatic theroy | young and helmholtz: receptors for red, green, and blue color, all other colors are a combination |
| opponet process theroy | some neurons turn on or off, red/green, blue/yellow, black/ white |
| color constancy | colors are percieved as constant even if sensation changes |
| soundwaves | wavelength=pitch, height=loudness |
| hearing/auditory | outerear funnels in sound waves through auditory canal to ear drum, vibrations sends messages to midear to cochlea which vibrates and moves fluid causes ripples in baislarmembrane-lined w/hairs, hair cells send neural messages thru auditory nerve to brain |
| theroies of hearing | place theroy, frequency theroy |
| place theroy | percieve differncet pitches at different "places" on membrane |
| frequency theroy | percieve pitch by "frequency" of vibrations on membrane |
| touch | 4 skin senses, more alert to sensations from others, processed in sensory cortex (proprialtal lobe-thalamus) |
| 4 skin sensations | pressure, warmth, cold, pain |
| taste | 5 sensations, taste receptors on tongue, sensory interaction, |
| 5 taste sensations | sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami (meaty) |
| Smell/olfaction | scent receptors at top of nose, unique receptors for 1000 smells, combien for 10,000 total smells, connect to limbic system |
| Kinesthesis | sense fo position and movement of each body part |
| vestibular sense | sense of bldy movement, position, and balance |
| Gestalt | whole form |
| figure ground | percieve object as seperate from background |
| grouping | organizing figures |
| proximity | nearby figures go together |
| similarity | like figures go together |
| continuity | patterns are uninteruppted |
| connectedness | single unit |
| closure | fill in gaps |
| depth perception | binocular cues (rely on both eyes), monocular cues (one eye) |
| retinal disparity | difference between the images seen by each eye |
| convergence | how inward the eyes are turned |
| relative size | smaller=farther away |
| interposition | object blocking, another is closer |
| relative height | higher=farther |
| relative motion | think objects are mooving when we are actually moving |
| linear perspective | parallel lines converge with distance |
| light and shadow | dimmer=farther |
Created by:
ontre
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