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Autonomics-1.7

Pharmocology-Autonomics1.7/NicotinicCholinergic

QuestionAnswer
name the 2 catagories of drugs to stimulate cholinergic receptors? nicotinic and muscarinic like agents
rapid onset excitatory effects. Blocked by ND ganglionic blocking agents: Nicotine
delayed onset excitatory effects. Blocked by atropine-like drugs muscarine and methacholine and partly AchE inhibitors
Nicotine, Lobeline, Epibatidine? autonomic ganglia nicotinic agonist of no clinical use
Succinylcholine? NMJ nicotinic ag/antag, for skeletal muscle relaxation
Hexamethonium? autonomic ganglia nicotinic, antagonist of no clinical use
trimethaphan? autonomic ganglia nicotinic antagonist as a antihypertensive
Tubocurarine, Pancuronium, Vecuronium? NMJ nicotinic antagonist for skeletal muscle relaxation
How do drugs affect the autonomic ganglia? transient stimulation and then more persistant depression of ganglia (small dose facilitate transmission of impulses, large dose initial stimulation then very quickly a blockade)
Nicotinic receptors in the adrenal medulla? low dose evoke release of catecholamines, large dose prevent release
nicotonic receptors in the NMJ? similar to autonomic ganglia
Nicotinic receptors in the CNS? small doses are mildly alerting (tremurs), large dose are markedly stimulating (convulsions, excite respirations) large doses are followed by depression. Stimulate vomiting central and peripherial.
nicotinic receptors in the CV system? increase in HR and BP related to stimulation of sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla
nicotinic receptors in the GI? largely due to parasympathetic. Increase tone and motor of bowel. N/V, diarrhea following absorption of nicotine in niave person
nicotinic receptors in Exocrine glands? initial stimulation of salivary and bronchial secretion followed by inhibition
nicotine pharmacokinetics? absorbed readily, cig contains 8-9mg nicotine, 80-90% metabolized by liver. Cotinine is a major metabolite. 1/2 life 2 hours. Fatal dose is 60mg for an adult.
what happens with nicotine poisoning? N/V, salivation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, confusion, weakness. Progress to hypotension, resp depression, convulsions, death
Created by: lmh9p4
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