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Pharmexam3 11/18 con
Pharm exam 3 11/18 continued
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antihistamines | MOA: decrease histamine effects: ADR:drowsiness, Contrain: drug allergy Drugs:loratadine (claritin) (nonsedating) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (nonsedating) |
| Decongestants | MOA: shrink engorged nasal mucous and relieve nasal stuffiness ADR: insomnia, palpitations. & temors Contrain: allergy |
| Antitussives | MOA: suppress coughing ADR: dizziness, HA, N/V, sedation, constipation, lightheadedness, Contrain: allergy, high risk for respiratory depression Drugs: dextromethorpham,benzonatate (Tessalon Perles |
| Expectorants | MOA: reflex stimulation (loosens & thins secretions), stimulation of secretory glands in respiratory tract, ADR:N/V gastric irritation Contrain: allergy Drug: guaifenesin, |
| Beta-adrenergic agonists | MOA: Dilate airways by stimulating beta2 adrenergic receptors ADR: insomnia, restlessness, anorexia, hyperglycemia, tremors, and vascular HA, Contain: allergy, uncontrolled dysrhythmias, high risk of CVA Drugs: albuterol, sameterol |
| Anticholinergics | MOA: Block ACh receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction= airway dilation ADR: dry mouth, nasal congestion, palpitations, GI upset, HAA, coughing, Contrain: allergy (atropine and or soy lecithi) Drugs: ipratropium, Atrovent |
| Xanthine derivatives | MOA: Bronchodilation by increasing energy-producing substance cAMP ADR: N/V anorexia Contrain: allergy, uncontrolled dysrhythmias, seizures, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcers Drugs: theophylline, aminophylline |
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists | MOA: block inflammatory process in asthma ADR: HA, dyspepsia, N, dizziness, insomnia monitor liver enzyme Contrain: allergy (povidone, lactose, titanium, cellulose derivatives) Drugs: montelukast(Singulair) |
| Corticosteroids | MOA: reducing inflammation and enhancing activity of beta agonist ADR: pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth,oral fungal infections Contrain: allergy Drugs: fluticasone propionate, methylprednisolone,fluticasone (Flovent,) |
| Sucralfate (Carafate) | NI: May impair absorption of other drugs—give other drugs at least 2 hours before sucralfate ¡Do not administer with other medications ADR: N/CON, dry mouth |
| Misoprostol (Cytotec) | MOA: Protect gastric mucosa → ↑ production of mucus or bicarbonate Promote local cell regeneration Help to maintain mucosal blood flow Indic: Used for prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers ADR: abd cramps, diarrhea |
| PUD | ↑ HCl acid → ulcers in GI tract, ▪Genetics Stress Cigarette smoking - which ↑ HCl production, ↓ blood flow and ↓ prostaglandins NSAIDS - ↓ prostaglandins, directly irritate gastric mucosa Tx: H2 Antagonists Sucralfate |
| Prokinetics: metoclopramide (Reglan) | Also used for GERD, delayed gastric emptying, n/v MOA:Block dopamine in the CTZ → CTZ to be desensitized to impulses it receives from the GI tract. stimulates Adhreceptor in GI tract ADR: hypotension, SVT, sedation, fatigue, restlessness, HA, dry mouth, |
| Bulk forming Laxatives | Acute and chronic constipation Irritable bowel syndrome- high fiber diet Diverticulosis |
| Emollient Laxatives | Acute/chronic constipation Softening of fecal impaction DRUGS: Stool softeners: docusate salts (Colace), Lubricants: mineral oil |
| Hyperosmotic Laxatives | Chronic constipation Diagnostic & surgical preps DRUGS: ▫polyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY) |
| Saline Laxatives | Constipation Diagnostic & surgical preps Removal of helminths & parasites DRUGS: ▫magnesium hydroxide (MOM) |
| Stimulant Laxatives | Acute constipation Diagnostic & surgical bowel preps DRUGS: ▫Senna (Senokot) |
| Laxitives NI: | Assess fluid and electrolytes before initiating therapy Don’t take a laxative or cathartic if N/V,abd pain, high-fiber diet ↑ fluid intake Long-term often results in ↓ bowel tone= dependency swallowed whole, no crushed/chewed, especially enteric coated |
| Laxitives NI con't | w/ 6-8 oz of H2O, Bisacodyl and cascara sagrada should be given with water due to interactions with milk, antacids, and juices Pt should contact their Dr if severe abb pain, muscle weakness, cramps,dizziness, which may =fluid or electrolyte loss |
| Antiemetic Drugs NI | Assess complete N/V history, including precipitating factors, current medications/contraindication/ potential drug interactions Can cause severe drowsiness; warn about driving/ performing hazardous tasks with alcohol → severe CNS depression |
| Antiemetic Drugs NI (Con't) | Teach patients to change position slowly to avoid hypotension For chemotherapy, antiemetic are often given 1 to 3 hours before a chemotherapy drug |
| Antiemetic drug types | Antidopaminergics=Prochlorperazine, promethazine, perphenazine, droperidol, thiethylperazine, Serotoninblockers= Dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron, palonosetron THC: dronabinol (Marinol) |
| Antiemetic drug types (cont'd) | (ACh blockers)=Scopolamine, (H1 receptor blockers)=meclizine (Antivert), Bonine Benzodiazepines:Lorazepam, midazolam |
Created by:
ethompso08
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