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Emergencies Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What causes seizures? | Electrical distrubance in the brain. Can be due to birth, injury, infection, stroke, alcoholism, drug abuse and brain tumor |
| What happens during an atonic seizure? | Person suddenly falls- lasts only moments but can happen frequently |
| What happens during an absence seizure? | Daydreaming/blank stare. It lasts only a few sec. |
| What is the diff between a generalized seizure and a partial seizure? | General: affects both sides of the brain Partial: Affects only one side of the brain |
| What happens in a general tonic clonic seizure? | The person blacks out, falls, stiffens and jerks uncontrollablly. Formerly a grand mal seizure |
| What happens during infantile spasms? | Cluster of brief jerking/jacknifing movements. |
| What happens in a simple partial seizure? | affects the senses, feelings and movements. Person may halucinate. They don't lose consciousness |
| What happens in myoclonic seizure | Massive muscle jerks throwing the person to the ground. Only last a short time |
| What happens in a complex partial seizure? | Lose of awareness and automatic movementments. Person is in a trans like state. Only lasts a few moments but confusion may last a lot longer |
| Describe the rule of nines as it relates to burns. | Extent of burn or amount of surface area involved. Divided into sections each approx. 9% of total body surface area. |
| What is a 1st degree burn? | Sunburn. Burn on the superficial part of the epidermis. Red but doesn't blister. |
| What is a 2nd degree burn? | Entire thickness, dermis isn't destroyed and sub q tissue is not injured. Blister |
| What is a 3rd degree burn? | Burns into the dermis and beyond the sub q fat. Nerve endings are destroyed, Skin has a leathery and discolored apprearance. |
| What is a full thincknedd burn? | Burn goes into the sub q- 3rd degree |
| What is a partial thickness burn? | Burn doesn't go into the sub q- 1&2 degree |
| What is aspirtation and what treatment is necessary for it? | Intake of a foreign material into the lungs during breathing. Turn pt on their side, may need suction. |
| Give 3 reasons a pt may have a gastic tube? | Adding meds, feeding the patient, diagnostic study with contrast |
| What is a pacemaker? | Permanant electromagnetic device under the skin the regulate heart rate. |
| What is proper care of a tracheostomy tube? | pening through the neck into the trachea to allow access to the breathing tube opening to provide an airway and to remove secretions from the lungs. Breathing is done through the tracheostomy tube. |
| Where is the electrode of the pacemaker positioned? | apex of the rt ventrical |
| Give a min of 3 names of central lines. | Hickman, port-a-cath, infusa port, mediport |
| What is a tracheostomy tube and why would a pt have one? | Relieve respiraory distress caused by obstruction on the upper airway |
| What is treatment for a patient with an open wound? | COntrol bleeding and dress wound. Apply pressure and don't remove prior dressing |
| What is proper care of a central venous line? | Prevent dislodging- needs to remain above the rt atrium |
| What is a colostomy? | Opening (stoma) created from the bowel to the outside of the body. |
| What is proper care of a colostomy bag? | Sensitivity to the patient |
| How does a pulmonary artieral line differ firma central line? | Monitors pulmonary pressyre, goes through the heart into the pulmonary artery. Central Line monitors cardiac pressure and stops before the lt atrium |
| Name 3 reasons a pt would have a central venous line. | Chemotherapy, manage fluid volume, administer drugs |
| Where should the tip of the endotracheal tube (ET) be located? | 1-2 in superior to the carina |
| What is proper care of a chest tube? | Prevent dislodging |
| What is proper care of the urinary catheter? | Keep bag below the level of the bladder. DOn't place on pt lap or abdomen |
| Where should the tip of the central line be positioned? | 2-3 cm above junction into the rt atrium |
| What is the purpose of a chest tube> | Establish neg pressure by draining blood and fluid |
| What is the purpose of a pulmonary artieral line? | Evaluate pulmonary pressure (Swan- Ganz) diastolic pressure |
| Name a min of 3 reasons a pt may have an endotracheal tube> | pneumothorax,hemothorax, pleural effusion (fluid in the lungs), empyema (pus in the lungs) |
| What is the proper care of a gastric tube? | avoid dislodging |
| What is the proprer treatment of a head injury? | Move as little as possible, watch for changes in presance |
| What are the sign of a deteriorating head injury? | Alertness, drowsiness, unconscious, comotose |
| What are symptoms of CVA (cerebral vascular accident), what causes it, and what is the proper treatment? | Sudden/deveolpe gradually, lose of vision, paralysis, slurred speach, loss of consciousness. DVT |
| What is a transcient ischemis attack (TIA) | mini stroke |
| What is epitaxis and what treatment is needed? | Nose bleed. Apply pressure and tilt head forward |
| How do you move a pt with a c-spine injury, and what is the danger of doing so? | Log roll them. Immobilize on a backboard. You may do more damage |
| What is cyanosis, what causes it, what is the proper treatment? | BLuish discoloration of the skin, lack of oxygen. (lips and nailbeds are blue) |
| What are the 4 levels of consciousness | ALert, drowsiness, unconscious, comotose |
| How do you move a pt with a fx extremity? | Hold above and below the joint |
| What is the most common trauma pt? | MVA |
| What is vertigo? | Dizziness |
| What is syncope? | faintint |
| What is psychogenic shock? | Vessel failure (sycope) loss of blood to the brain |
| What is neurogenic shock? | Damage to the spinal cord (vessel failure) affect nervous system |
| What is anaphylatic shock? | Most sever form of allergic reaction. Non-vascular |
| What is cardiogenic shock? | Pump failure: inadequet function of the heart. Dysfunction of the heart muscle: not enough pressure to circulate pressure to the organs |
| What is hypovelis shock? | blood and plasma loss, so the vloume in the system is insuffient |
| What is septic shock? | Vessel and content failure. Severe infection or toxins. Blood vessels leak blood |
| In the treatment of shock, what are the 3 top priorities? | ABC's, elevate exterenities, prevent heat loss, don't give anything my mouth |
| In what 3 body systerms in anaphylactic shock appearant? | Circulatory, respirotory, and skin. |
| Name 4 ways a pt can be exposed to a substance and have anaphylactic shock? | Injection, sting, ingestion, and inhalation. |
| if a pt is in shock, what will their breathing be like? Skin? Pulse? Blood pressure? | Shallow rapid breathing, cold/wet, sweating, paleness, weak and rapis pulse that gradually decreases |
| What causes hypoglycemia? | Your body's sugar (glucose) is used up too quickly, Glucose is released into the bloodstream too slowly,Too much insulin is released into the bloodstream Too much insulin present- burning sugar too fast. |
| What causes hyperglycemia? | Excessive suger in the blood |
| What is another name of insulin shock? | Hypoglycemia |
| Which will be sweating? | hypoglycemia |
| Which will have dry skin? | hyperglycemia |
| Which will have hunger? | Hypoglycemia |
| Which will have extreme thirst? | Hyperglycemia |
| Which will have a rapid onset? | Hypoglycemia |
| What is treatment for hyperglycemia | Juice |
| What is the treatment for hypoglycemia? | Insulin |
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