Question 1

ANTIBIOTICS

Accepted Answer

kills cells,during mitosis(replication);kills disease microorganisms

Question 2

DISTRIBUTION

Accepted Answer

after a drug is absorbed,the transportationof that drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action.

Question 3

PHARMACOKINETICS

Accepted Answer

the study of a drug during,absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion. It refers to how the body handles a drug from the site of administration to the elimination of the drug.

Question 4

DRUG ACTION

Accepted Answer

are chemical that are known to have specific effects on the body.When one of these chemicals comes in contact with body cells,it causes changes in the cell molecules; they usually speed up or slow down the ordinary processes that the cells carry out.

Question 5

SUBLINGUAL

Accepted Answer

under the tongue

Question 6

BUCCAL

Accepted Answer

in the cheek

Question 7

ORAL

Accepted Answer

in the stomach/intestine

Question 8

IM

Accepted Answer

in the muscle

Question 9

IV

Accepted Answer

(fastest);in the blood stream

Question 10

SUBCUTANEOUS

Accepted Answer

under the skin(fat)

Question 11

TOPICAL

Accepted Answer

Through the skin

Question 12

RECTAL

Accepted Answer

in the rectum

Question 13

EXCRETION

Accepted Answer

the bodys way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell process;excreted in the same way as other waste products,most drug leave the body thru the kidneys and large intestine

Question 14

FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG ACTION

Accepted Answer

route of administration,time of day,the number of doses,diet, and enviornmental conditions.

Question 15

AGE

Accepted Answer

infants body systems are not fully developed,older aldult may not function as efficiently as in middle aged,older adults have decreases in kidney and liver function,in which result in failure to completely metabolize or excrete drugs.

Question 16

SIZE

Accepted Answer

a person's size and whether he or she is fat or lean have a bearing on drug action

Question 17

DIET

Accepted Answer

combining certain drugs with certain foods can alter the drug's effects.

Question 18

SEX

Accepted Answer

the sex of an individual can influence drug action.Women may react more strongly to certain drugs than men do.

Question 19

GENETIC FACTORS

Accepted Answer

each person's individual makeup causes slight differences in basic processes like metabolism and excretion,which then affect drug action

Question 20

PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Accepted Answer

diseases can strongly affect how patients respond to drugs.Disease mat impair the organs necessary for matabolism and excretion.Diseases of the liver and kidneys,especially,affect the processing and elimination of drugs.

Question 21

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

Accepted Answer

the patients mental state is an important factor in the success or failure of drug thearpy; a patient with a positive attitude is likely to respond well to a medication.

Question 22

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

Accepted Answer

drugs are absorbed,distributed,and metabolized differently when given diffenet routes;route affects drug action,;drugs act most quickly when injected directly into the bloodstream;injected into or under the skin or into muscles require more time;

Question 23

TIME OF ADMINISTRATION

Accepted Answer

drugs taken orally are absorbed most quickly if the gs tract is free of free of food

Question 24

DRUG-TAKING HISTORY

Accepted Answer

drug action depends on whether a patient has previously taken doses of the same or anothr drug

Question 25

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Accepted Answer

heat relaxes the blood vessels and speeds up the circulation,so drugs act faster.cold slows their action by constricting the blood vessels and slowing the circulation.

Question 26

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT

Accepted Answer

the desired effect,or the reason the drug is administered,

Question 27

SIDE EFFECTS

Accepted Answer

additonal effects on the body that are not part of the goal of therapy;may be desirable or undesirable

Question 28

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Accepted Answer

the body has an unexpected or dangerous response to a drug;

Question 29

DRUG ALLERGY

Accepted Answer

an abnormal response that occurs because a person has developed antibodies against a particuar drug.

Question 30

ANAPHYLAXIS

Accepted Answer

an extreme hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen;can be life threatening;may be local or systemic

Question 31

IDIOSYNCRASIES

Accepted Answer

are thought to be caused by an abnormal metabolism of drugs as the result of an enzyme deficiency.;people have abnormal or peculiar responses to certain drugs.

Question 32

TOLERANCE

Accepted Answer

is the need for increasingly larger doses of a drug to produce the same physiological and/or psychological effects

Question 33

OVERDOSE

Accepted Answer

a dose that is too large for his or her age,size,and/or physcial condition.

Question 34

TOXICITY

Accepted Answer

refers to the drug's ability to poision the body.

Question 35

DRUG ABUSE

Accepted Answer

refers to self-administration of a drug in a chronically excessive quanities,resulting in a psychological or physical dependence.

Question 36

DRUG MISUSE

Accepted Answer

the overuse or careless use of any drug,including alcohol.

Question 37

ABSORBITON

Accepted Answer

the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the blood stream.;usually there is a large range of blood levels to be therapeutic.;the rate of absorbtion is influenced by the route of administration.

Question 38

METABOLISM/BIOTRANSFORMATION

Accepted Answer

a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into water-soluble compound so that it can be excreted by the body.Most of the metabolism and detoxification of drugs takes place in the liver.

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chapter 2