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CH 3 Chest
anatomy and positioning for cxr
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 sections of the chest | bony thorax, respiratory system proper, mediastinum |
| Bony thorax consists of? | sternum, 2 clavicles, 2 scapulae, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae |
| 4 divisions of the respiratory system? | larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| Primary muscle of inspiration? | Diaphragm L & R hemidiaphragm |
| Pharynx? | passageway for both food and fluid, as well as air, common to digestive and respiratory system, 3 divisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| Epilgottis? | during swallowing flips down & covers laryngeal opening, prevents food & fluid from entering the larynx and bronchi, composed of cartilage |
| Esophagus? | connects pharynx to stomach, posterior to larynx and trachea |
| Larynx? | voice box, suspended from hyoid bone, between C3 and C6, anterior wall made of throid cartilage, cricoid cartilage forms inferior and posterior wall |
| Trachea? | windpipe, 20 C shaped rings keep it open, extends from C6 to T4/T5 |
| Thyroid gland? | helps regulate body growth, stores hormones that aid in metabolism, very radiosensitive |
| Thymus gland? | T cells, very prominent in infants decreases in size until adulthood, functions in producing antibodies |
| Rt & Lt Bronch? | Rt is wide, short, and vertical, divides into 3 secondary bronchi, Lt is narrow and horizontal, divides into 2 secondary bronchi, point of carina divides the trachea into rt & lt @ T5 |
| Bronchioles? | Rt & Lt secondary bronchi that continue to subdivide eventually into terminal bronchioles and alveoli |
| Alveoli? | O2 & CO2 exchanged through thin walls, 500 to 700 million in the lungs |
| Rt. Lung? | 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) seperated by 2 deep fissures (horizontal and oblique) |
| Lt. Lung? | 2 lobes (superior, inferior) seperated by 1 deep oblique fissure |
| Lungs? | made of parenchyma (light spongy elastic substance), contained in double walled sac called pleura, outer layer is parietal, inner layer is pulmonary/visceral layer |
| Pneumothorax | air or gas present in the pleural cavity |
| Hemothorax | blood or fluid in pleural cavity |
| Anatomy included on PA chest? | Apices ---> costophrenic angles bases, diaphragms, carina, hilum, heart, trachea. ribs, clavicles |
| Mediastinum? | thymus, heart and great vessels, trachea, esophagus |
| Heart & Great Vessels? | inferior/superior venae cava, aorta, pulmonary arterires and veins |
| Superior Venae Cava? | returns blood to the heart from upper body |
| Inferior Venae Cava? | returns blood to the heart from lower body |
| Pulmonary artery? | carries deoxygenated blood |
| Pulmonary vein? | carries oxygenated blood |
| Hypersthenic? | 5% broad, barrel chested |
| Sthenic? | 50% "normal" |
| Hyposthenic? | 35% slightly smaller than "normal" but bigger than asthenic |
| Asthenic? | 10% skinny |
Created by:
58405016
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