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5.1 Organizing the Elements 1. How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table?
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2. What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev's table?
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Phys Sci Chapt 5

The Periodic Table

QuestionAnswer
5.1 Organizing the Elements 1. How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table? Into rows in order of increasing mass-elements with similar properties were in the same column.
2. What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev's table? The match between Mendeleev's predictions and the actual properties of the new elements.
5.2 The Modern Periodic Table 3. How is the modern periodic table organized? Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (# of protons). Each row on the table is a period. Each column is a group.
4. What does the atomic mass of an element depend on? The distribution of an element's isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes.
5. What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table? Elements are classified as metals (good conductors of electric current and heat), nonmetals (bad conductors of electric current and heat) and metalloids (properties fall BETWEEN those of metals and non0metals).
6. How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table? The elements become less metallic and more non-metallic in their properties.
5.3 Representative Groups 7. Why do the elements in a group have similar properties? Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.
8. What are some properties of the "A" groups in the periodic table? The alkali earth metals in Group 1A are extremely reactive. The reactivity of these metals increases from the top of the group to the bottom.
5.3 Assessment: Reviewing Concepts 9. Explain why do elements in a group have similar properties? Because they have the same number of valence electrons.
10. What is the relationship between an alkali metal's location in Group 1A and its reactivity? The reactivity of alkali metals INCREASES from the top of Group 1A to the bottom.
11. What element exists in almost every compound in your body? Except for water, MOST of the compounds in your body contain CARBON.
12. Which Group 5A elements are found in fertilizer? Besides nitrogen, fertilizers often contain phosphorus.
13. Which group of elements is the least reactive? The elements in Group 8A, noble gases, are colorless and odorless and extremely unreactice.
14. Why is hydrogen located in a group with reactive metals? It is a non-metal gas that seems to have more in common with the non-metals in Group 17.
15. What biological function requires magnesium? The process that uses sunlight to produce sugar in plants.
16. Why is aluminum recycled? The energy needed to purify recycled aluminum is only about 5 percent of the energy needed to extract alluminum from bauxite.
17. What is the main use of sulfur? About 65 % of the sulfuric acid produced is used to make fertilizers.
18. Why is chlorine added to drinking water? It is used to kill bacteria.
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