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Drugs-of-abuse

UVa med pharmacology block 3

QuestionAnswer
Continuum of addiction from pre-addiction to addiction: - Psychological Dependence - Tolerance - Physical Dependence - Addiction
What is the most abused drug in the world? Methamphetamine
How is Methamphetamine different than amphetamine? It is more lipophilic and more potent.
What is the action of Methamphetamine? It enhances non-vesicular Dopamine and Norepinephrine release, with large bursts of Dopamine release.
What happens to the mesolimbic pathway (dopamine reward pathway) when someone stops taking Methamphetamine? It is depressed and causes intense psychological withdrawal.
What are some of the effects of the Psychedelic drugs? Derealization Depersonalization Heightened Mood Graidiosity Visual Restructuralization Anxious Ego Dissociation
What parts of the brain do Psychedelics affect? Frontoparietal Occipital Cortex Striatum
How do Phencyclidine and Ketamine work physiologically? Act at NMDA receptor site. Ketamine is legal.
Since this douchebag didn't tell us WHY Phencyclidine and Ketamine are club drugs, I made a card for it on my own. What a douchebag. Why are they club drugs? PCP gives a feeling of being disconnected between body and environment and has potent effects on nervous system. IT alters perceptual functions (hallucinations, delusional ideas, delirium).
THC response is mediated by what receptors? CB-1 (brain) and CB-2 (peripheral), which are g-protein coupled.
What are endocannabinoids? Molecules that act as endogenous fatty acid ligands for the CB receptors, and have similar properties to THC.
How are endocannabinoids stored? They are not. They are made on demand.
What kind of withdrawal symptoms do animals have from THC? No spontaneous withdrawal symptoms, unless their CB1 receptor is blocked. This gives full blown behavior withdrawal syndrome.
Will animals self administer THC? Hell yes. Wouldn't you? I know you would you freaking pot heads.
What is Dronabinol? An FDA approved cannibinoid that is approved as an appetite stimulant (not in notes, but this lecture seriously sucks)
How long does Dronabinol's effects last? 4-6hrs for psychoactive effect, but appetite stimulation lasts 24hrs+
Is Dronabinol a controlled substance? Yes, Schedule III
Do abusable drugs share common molecular signaling? Yes.
Is there an ideal human drug abuse model? No
Cocaine stimulant - blocks DA, NE, 5-HT re-uptake incr DA = High/addiction causes euphoria, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, anesthesia side fx: incr dose = psychosis, convulsions, HTN, stroke injected, inhaled, smoked (crack)
Methamphetamine stimulant - displaces DA/NE/5-HT from vesicles (>DA than others) causes euphoria, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, anesthesia Oral, IV, smoked side fx: psychosis, convulsions, htn, stroke, neurotoxicity to DA pways
Dextromethorphan (DXM) OTC antitussive - taken @ 6-12x normal dose causes dissociative state, hallucinations and euphoria non-competitive blockade of NMDA channels nausea and vomiting precede high
Phencyclidine (PCP) Arylcyclo-hexylamine causes dream-like dissociated state - incr emotional response to sensory stimuli, analgesia, amnesia non-competitive NMDA blockade
Ketamine arylcyclo-hexylamine - legal anesthetic causes dream like dissociated state, analgesia, amnesia non-competitive NMDA channel blockade
Salvinorin A (salvia) opioid agonist - antagonist @ kappa receptor, intense short-lived change in perception - visual distortion, hallucinations, synesthesia
d-lysergic acid (LSD) Ergot - agonist @ 5HT2a receptors - unconfirmed causes arousal, acuity of insight (@ low dose), frank hallucination, synesthesia, subjective slowing of time, ego dissolution/detachment/fragmentation (@ high dose)
Psilocybin substituted tryptamine causes arousal, acuity of insight (@ low dose), frank hallucination, synesthesia, subjective slowing of time, ego dissolution/detachment/fragmentation (@ high dose) may help cluster headaches
Mescaline Hallucinogenic stimulant - methoxyamphetamine causes relaxed euphoria, emotional openness, empathy, decr negative thoughts, disinhibition
MDMA hallucinogenic stimulant - methoxyamphetamine causes relaxed euphoria, emotional openness, empathy, decr negative thoughts, disinhibition duration 3-5 hrs
Created by: sam.mrosenfeld
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