Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PHPS 507 Lab Values
Lab Values and info from OTC lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accuracy is ___________________? | how close measured value is to actual value. |
| Precision is __________________? | the reproducibility of measurement |
| Sensitivity is _________________? | the ability of a test to determine the positive result for those who actually have the disease. Percentage calculated by including the true positive results with the false negative results ( TP / (TP+FP) ) x 100%. |
| Specificity is _________________? | the ability of a test to determine the negative results for those who do not have the disease. Percentage calculated by including true negative and false positive ( TN / (TN+FP) ) x 100%. |
| What is the reference range for Sodium? | 136-145 mEq/L or mmol/L |
| What diseases are associated with a sodium imbalance? | HTN, heart, pulmonary and renal diseases |
| What regulatory factors are associated with sodium? | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin; Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (Na reabsorption); Natriuretic peptides (increased urine secretion) |
| What is the physiological role of sodium in the body? | 1. Most abundant cation in the ECF 2. Regulates water homeostasis and fluid balance 3. Kidneys maintain sodium homeostasis |
| What are the signs and symptoms and critical sodium values in hyponatremia? | Low sodium is below reference range of 145-136mEq/L but critical value is below 120 mEq/L. Signs and symptoms may include agitation, anorexia, hypothermia, lethargy, apathy, disorientation, muscle cramps and seizures(if critically low). |
| What are the possible causes of hyponatremia? (such as ^ total body Na from Edematous states (cirrhosis, CHF, CKD)) | Total body depletion through physical loss (sweating, vomitting), Addison's disease (improper aldosterone production) or renal disease. Normal total body Na dilutional hyponatremia may be caused from Osmotic diuretics such as albumin or mannitol or SIADH |
| What are the critical values, signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? | Anything above 145mEq/L is high but critical values are above 160mEq/L. Signs and symptoms may include: thirst, restlessness, irritability, lethargy, muscle cramps, seizures, coma and death. |
| What are the possible causes of hypernatremia? | Total body Na depletion: dehydration; Normal total body Na: diabetes insipidus (too little ADH - loose water and concentrate Na) or DRUG INDUCED diabetes insipidus (loop diuretics HCTZ); Increase total body Na (rare): excessive hypertonic replacement. |
| What is the normal reference range for Potassium? | 3.5 -5.0 mEq/L or mmol/L |
| What is the physiological role of K in the body? | Most abundant intracellular cation. Important in nerve muscle and cardiac fxn - normal balance is 90/10 Cell/ECF. Balance is maintained by intracellular shift and renal elimination but altered by insulin, aldosterone, acid-base, renal fxn, GI + skin loss. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? | K < 3.5mEq/L Weakness, cramps, areflexia, EKG changes Severe: areflexia, loss of smooth muscle fxn, arrhythmia |
| What are the possible causes of apparent/true K deficit? | Apparent:metabolic alkalosis; drug induced (B2 adrenergic stim ie. albuterol, insulin) True: decreased intake, increased output: high mineralcorticoid activity (aldosterone), vomiting, diarrhea, drug induced (corticosteroids, amphotericin B, diuretics) |
| What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia? | K>5.0 mEq/L mild 5.5-6.0 mEq/L; moderate 6.1-6.9 mEq/L; severe >7.0 mEq/L symptoms: EKG changes, cramps, arrhythmias, hypotension, cardiac arrest |
| What are the causes of hyperkalemia? | Apparent: metabolic acidosis True: increased intake- cellular damage/rupture, drug induced- Pen K ; decreased output- renal failure, low mineralcort. activity, drug induced - K-sparing diuretics (monitor starting/dose), ACEi/ARB, NSAID, trimethoprim |
| What is the normal reference range for Chloride and it's physiological role? | 96-106 mEq/L; most abundant extracellular anion, must maintain neutrality- gen. follows Na, maintains acid-base balance w/bicarb, extracellular fluid balance |
| What are the possible causes of hypochloremia? | metabolic alkalosis- vomiting, nasogastric suction (losing HCl from stomach) Drug induced - diuretics |
| What are the possible causes of hyperchloremia? | hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis drug induced: corticosteroids (prednisone, cortisol) NSAIDS (water retention; Carbonic anyhdrase inhibitor (acetazolamide, disturb balance) |
| What is the normal reference range for bicarbonate? | 24-30 mEq/L Physiological role in acid/base balance as body's primary pH buffer maintains pH btwn 7.36-7.44 HCO3- + H+ <-> H2CO3 <-> H20 + CO2 ^ (CO2 in body) |
| What pH values indicate acidemia/alkalemia? | Acidemia- pH less than or equal to 7.35, metabolic/respiratory acidosis hypoventilation breathing in CO2 bicarb goes up Alkalemia- pH greater than or equal to 7.45 metabolic/respiratory alkalosis hyperventilation - breathing out CO2 bicarb down |
Created by:
thesogle
Popular Pharmacology sets