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Science_1
FCAT Science Glossary, Appendix D
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abiotic | An environmental factor not associated with the activities of living organisms |
| Acceleration | Rate of change in velocity, usually expressed in meters per second; involves an increase or decrease in speed and/or direction |
| Air Resistance | Force of air on moving objects |
| Allele | Any of two or more alternate forms of a gene that an organism may have for a particular trait |
| Amplitude | The maximum absolute variation of the function in any periodic function |
| Asexual Reproduction | A form of reproduction in which new individuals are formed without the involvement of gametes |
| Biodiversity | The existence of a wide range of different species in a given area of specific period of time |
| Biotic | Factors in an environment relating to, caused by, or produced by living organisms |
| Calorie | Unit of energy; the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure |
| Chemical Weathering | The breakdown and alteration of rocks at or near Earth's surface as a result of chemical processes |
| Circuit | An interconnection of electrical elements forming a complete path for the flow of current |
| Conduction | The transmission of heat through a medium and without the motion of the medium |
| Conservation of Energy | A fundamental principle stating energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changed from one form to another |
| Convection | Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another |
| Crest | The peak or highest point on a wave |
| Crust | Outermost layer of earth covering the mantle |
| Dependent Variable | Factor being measured or observed in an experiment |
| Deposition | The process by which sediment is carried by forces and left in a certain area |
| Diffraction | The change in direction of a wave caused by passing by an obstacle or traveling through an opening |
| Dominance | Tendency of certain alleles to mask the expression of their corresponding alleles |
| Ecosystem | An ecological community, together with its environment, functioning as a unit |
| Efficiency | The relative effectiveness of a system or device determined by comparing input and output |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | The emission and propagation of the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum incluiding: gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, and radio waves |
| Electron | A stable elementary particle that is negatively charged and orbits the nucleus of an atom |
| Entropy | A measure of randomness or disorder of a closed system |
| Erosion | A combination of natural processes in which materials from Earth's surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another |
| Fossil Fuels | The remains of animal or plant life from past geologic ages that are now in a form suitable for use as a fuel |
| Frequency | The number of cycles or waves per unit time |
| Gene | A specific part of a chromosome or squence of DNA that determines a particular feature or characteristic in an organism |
| Heterozygous | Cell or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait |
| Homozygous | Cell or organism that has identical rather than different alleles for a particular trait |
| Independent Variable | The factor that is changed in an experiment in order to study changes in the dependent variable |
| Inertia | The property of an object, due to its mass, by which it resists any change in its position unless overcome by force |
| Magnetic Field | The region where magnetic force exists around magnets or electric forces |
| Mass | Amount of matter an object contains |
| Meiosis | The process of neuclear division in cells during which the number of chromosones is reduced in half |
| Mitosis | A process of neuclear division in eukaryotic cells during chich the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the wsame number of chromosones |
| Neap Tide | A twice-monthly tide of minimal range that occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are at right angles to each other, thus decreasing the total tidal force exerted on Earth |
| Neutral | A particle, object, or system that lacks a net charge |
| Neutron | A subatomic particle having zero charge, found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Nucleus | The center region of an atom where protons and neutrons are located; also a cell structure that contains the cell's genetic material |
| Ocean Basin | A depression on the surface of the Earth occupied by water |
| Plate Tectonics | Theory of global dynamics in which Earth's crust is divided into a smaller number of large, rigid plates whose movements cause seismic activity along their borders |
| Potential Energy | Energy stored in an object due to the object's configuration and position |
| Pressure | The force exerted per unit area |
| Prism | A piece of glass with polished plane surgaces that disperses a beam of white light into its component colors |
| Proton | A subatomic particle having a positive charge and which is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Punnett Square | A graphic checkboard used to determine results from a particular genetic cross |
| Radiation | Emission of energy in the form or rays or waves |
| Recessive | An allele for a treait that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for this trait |
| Screw | A stype of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
| Sexual reproduction | Reproduction involving the union of gametes producing an offspring with traits from both parents |
| Spectrascope | An instrument that uses a prism to separate and catalog light wavelengths |
| Speed | Amound of distance traveled divided by the time taken; the timed rate at which any physical process takes place |
| Spring Tide | The tide of increased range that occurs twice monthly at the new and full phases of the moon |
| Thermal Energy | Internal energy found by adding the kinetic energy of particles by adding the kinetic energy of particles making up a substance |
| Tropism | The motion of an organism or a part of an organism toward or away from an external stimulus |
| Trough | The lowest part on a wave |
| Variable | An event condition or factor that can be changed or controled in order to study or test a hypothesis in a scientific experiment |
| Velocity | The time rate at which a body changes its position; defined as displacement by the time of travel |
| Vibration | A repetitive movement around an equilibrium point |
| Virus | A noncellular, disease-causing particle that uses the generic material from its host to reproduce |
| Wavelength | The distance between crests of a wave |
| Wedge | A type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane used to separate two objects |
| Wheel and Axle | A type of simple machine that consists of a rod driven through the center of a cylinder that is allowed to rotate freely |
| Z Accuracy | The extent to which a measurement is in proximity to the standard or expected value |
| Z Acid | A substance that increases the H+ concentration when added to a water solution |
| Z activation energy | the least amount of energy required to start a particular chemical reaction |
| Z adaption | a particular development, behavior, or pysiological change in a population of organisms, in response in the populations |
| Z amino acids | an organic molecule containing an amino and a carboxyl group from which proteins are synthesized |
| Z aqueous | a solution containing water |
| Z astronomical unit | the average distance from Earth to Sun, approx. 150 mil kilometers |
| Z Atomic number | the number or protons in an atom's nucleus, the atomic number determines an element's placement on the periodic table |
| Z base | a substance that increases the OH- of a solution; a proton acceptor |
| Z biome | a complex BIOTIC community characterized by the interaction of living organisms and climatic factors |
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