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Chapter 4 & 5
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| used to measure the rate of current flow in the circuit | Ampere (A) |
| building blocks – made up of nearly 100 different particles - fundamental particles neutrons, protons & electrons | Atom |
| energy – the energy that holds the electron in its shell, each electron, and each shell requires a different amount of energy | Binding energy |
| a substance that consists of only one type of molecule | Chemical compound |
| a continuous path for the flow of electric charges from the power source through one or more electric devices | Circuit |
| an item in which electric charges will drift or flow through, charge | Conductor |
| produced when a negatively charged electron flow toward a positive, the quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit | Current |
| the spectrum of energies that includes radio waves, microwaves, visible light, x-rays, ultraviolet light, gamma rays and cosmic rays. The energy has both electric and magnetic properties | Electromagnetic energy |
| a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom | Electron |
| a substance made up of only one type of atom an element have the same atomic number | Element |
| the ability to do work | Energy |
| the number of times per second that a crest passes a given point | Frequency |
| plates coated with these fluorescent crystals and are used to expose radiographic film | Intensifying screen |
| charged particle | Ion |
| when a neutral atom gains or losses an electron the electric charges of protons and electrons are no longer equal and produce an atom with electric charge | Ionization |
| the peak of the electric cycle | Kilovolt peak (kVp) |
| the quantity of matter that makes up any physical object | Mass |
| anything that occupies space and has shape or form | Matter |
| – a measure of the rate of current flow across the tube that is measure in 1/1000 | Milliampere (mA |
| when two or more atoms may combine chemically | Molecules |
| a positively charge particle inside the nucleus of an atom | Proton |
| the force or strength of the electrons flowing within an electric circuit | Potential difference |
| a bundle of electromagnetic energy | Photon |
| the process of changing alternating current into direct current to produce x-rays | Rectification |
| any property of the circuit that opposes or hinders the flow of current | Resistance (R) |
| when changes in field occur in the form of repeating waves | Sine wave |
| the device used to produce the high voltage needed for x-ray production and consists of a primary and secondary coils usually iron core | Transformer |
| unit used to measure potential difference | Volt (V) |
| the distance between the crest & the crest of the wave | Wavelength |
| radiation that when passing through the body tissue produces positively or negatively charged particles | Ionizing radiation |
| unit used to measure resistance | Ohm |
| energy in motion | Kinetic energy |
| stored energy | Potential energy |
| discrete bundles of energy | Quanta |
| an uneven distribution of radiation intensity in the x-ray beam | Anode heel effect |
| breaking radiation – created when an incoming electron is suddenly slowed down, changes direction and leaves the tungsten atom. The kinetic energy of the electron is converted to x-ray photon | Bremsstrahlung radiation |
| created when an incoming electron interacts with the k-shell electron and knocks it out of orbit. The void is quickly filled with an L-shell electron and an x-ray photon is created | Characteristic radiation |
| target contains two filaments one large & one small | Dual focus |
| the vertical projection of the actual focal spot; affects image sharpness | Effective focal spot |
| the high positive electric target that attracts the negatively charged electrons of the space charge | Anode |
| the source of electrons at one end of the tube (cathode) and consists of a small coil | Filament |
| the process of removing the long-wavelength photons from the x-ray beam | Filtration |
| the tungsten focal area all around the beveled-edge target | Focal track |
| disk shaped with beveled-edge target that rotates and dissipates the heat | Rotating anode |
| the electrons that are removed from the outer orbit that is the source of free electrons for x-ray production | Space charge |
| the slant of the anode surface | Target angle |
| the process by which electrons are boiled off from the tungsten filament in the x-ray tube. Occurs when the filament is heated during the x-ray exposure. The electrons are then forced into the anode during the x-ray exposure creating x-rays | Thermionic emission |
| a metal element; a large atom with 74 electrons in orbit around its nucleus | Tungsten (W) |
| the precise area on the target that the negatively charged electrons are directed to | Focal spot |
| made up of many different wavelengths or energies | Heterogeneous |
| positive charged metal opposite of the cathode the electrons are directed to | Target |
| the number of protons in an atom | Atomic number |
| the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom | Mass number |
| speed | Velocity |
| the part of the atom that contains the neutrons and protons | Nucleus |
| a neutral particle located inside the nucleus of an atom | Neutron |
Created by:
mdtodd
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