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psyc101
psychology exam 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Health Psychology | investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems |
| Psychoneuroimmunology | the study of the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain |
| Stress | A person's response to events that are threatening or challenging |
| Stressors | circumstances and events that produce threats to our well being |
| Cataclysmic events | strong stressors that occur suddenly, affecting many people at once (natural disasters like tornadoes) |
| Personal stressors | Major life events that have immediate negative consequences that generally fade with time (death of a family member) |
| Background stressors | everyday annoyances |
| Daily hassles | cause minor irritations and may have long term ill effects if they continue (traffic jams, long lines) |
| Psychophysiological disorders | Medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties |
| The General Adaptation Syndrome Model (GAS) | Theory by Selye, that suggest that a person's response to a stressor consists of 3 stages: Alarm and mobilization, Resistance, Exhaustion |
| Alarm and mobilization | occurs when people become aware of the presence of a stressor. Sympathetic nervous system becomes energized, helping a person cope with the stressor |
| Resistance | body prepares to fight the stressor |
| Exhaustion | a person's ability to adapt to the stressor declines to the point where negative consequences of stress appear: physical illness |
| Coping | efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate |
| Emotion-focused coping | People try to manage their emotions in the face of stress, seeking to change the way they feel about or perceive a problem (looking on the bright side) |
| Problem-focused coping | attempts to modify the stressful problem or source of stress (going to the spa, starting a study group) |
| Learned Helplessness | occurs when an individual decides that they have no control over the situation or unpleasant stimuli |
| Hardiness | A personality characteristic that is associated with the ability to deal with stress |
| Resilience | The ability to withstand, overcome, and actually thrive after profound adversity |
| Type A behavior pattern | cluster of behaviors involving hostility, competitiveness, time urgency, and feeling driven |
| Type B behavior pattern | Cluster of behaviors involving patience, cooperative, noncompetitive manner |
| Type D behavior patter | "distressed"; insecurity, anxiety |
| Noncompliance | Patients may fail to show up to appointments etc. |
| Reactance | A disagreeable and cognitive reaction that results from the restriction of ones freedom |
| Creative nonadherence | patients adjust a treatment prescribed by a physician, relying on their own medical judgement and experience |
| Positively framed messages | a change in behavior will lead to a gain, emphasizing the benefits of carrying out a health-related behavior (ex. reduce your chances of getting cancer by wearing sunscreen) |
| Negatively framed messages | highlight what you can lose by not preforming behavior (ex. if you don't wear sunscreen, you can get cancer) |
| Subjective well-being | Peoples evaluations of their lives in terms of their thoughts and emotions |
Created by:
jfishlei
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