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PSY 265 - Test 2

Theories of Personality - Dispositional, Biological, Environmental, Behavioral

QuestionAnswer
John Watson Father of radical behaviorism
overt directly observable [events]
covert private, internal events
L - Data life records
Q - Data Questionaires
T - Data Test Data
Cattell's "Source" Traits Building blocks of personality; 16
Cardinal Trait (Allport) ruling passion
Central Trait (Allport) less pervasive than cardinal traits
Secondary/Narrow traits (Allport) least pervasive, may be only displayed to close individuals
Factor Analysis (Cattell) Statistical method with subjective naming
Eysenck's Trait Theory hierarchy model; Types (composed of traits), Traits (composed of habitual responses)
Eysenck's Traits PEN; Psychoticism, Extraversion/intraversion, Neurotic/stable
McCrae & Costa's Traits OCEAN - Openess/closed, Conscientousness, Extraversion/intraversion, Agreeableness/antagonism, Neuroticism
Kretschmer studied: relationship b/w physique & abnormal psychology
Sheldon studied: relationship b/w physique & normal psychology
(Sheldon)Endomorphic/plump: Viscoretonia; complacent, relaxed, loves physical pleasure
(Sheldon)Mesomorphic/muscular: Somatotonia; risk taker, energetic, assertive
(Sheldon) Ectomorphic/frail Cerebrotonia; self-conscious, apprehensive
Darwin's theory Inidvidual variation, reproductive advantage
Evolutionary noise variations that neither help nor hurt
Stabilizing Selection the effect of having variability in a group
Gould Evolutionary theory of sudden changes (as opposed to Darwin's gradual changes)
E. O. WIlson's theory Social behaviors are performed because they increased reproductive success i.e. altruism
Inclusive fitness Genes passed when ppl genetically related to us reproduce
Assortative Mating Choose partners, as opposed to Darwin's random mating
Young Male Syndrome Young males more competitive & aggressive at age when mate-competition is most fierce
Baker & Bellis Sperm theory: Egg-seeker, Killer sperm & Blocker Sperm
SEA Temperament Sociability, Emotionality, Activity Level
Gray BIS / BAS system
BIS Behavioral Inhibition System; attentive to cues of danger, negative consequences & controls negative emotions.
BAS Behavioral Activiating System; seeks rewards, unconcerned w neg. consequences & controlls positive emotions.
low Serotonin correlated with: High aggression
Diet low in Tryptophan High aggression
B.F. Skinner was a: Radical behaviorists
SRC / ABC Stimulus-Response-Consequence ; Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
Operant Conditioning Skinnerian; Instrumental
Classical Conditioning Pavlonian, associations US-UR, then CS-CR
Methodological Behavioral Approach Controlled experimentation, Parsimonious, Nomothetic, present-focused
Parsimonious few assumptions, stingy
Nomothetic looking at population statements
Idiographic looking at individual person instead of population
US Unconditioned Stimuli
UR Unconditioned Response
CS Conditioned stimulus
CR Conditioned Response
CS then US forward conditioning
CS+US (simultaneously) simultaneous conditioning
Rescorla & Wagner Cue / Information Conditioning - reliable cue/signal causes condititoning
Stimulus generalization Conditioning to stimuli will transfer to response to similar stimuli
Stimulus discrimination Response to stimuli is exclusive
Neurotransmitters Chemical messengers
FFM Five-Factor Model by McCrae & Costa, uses NEO inventories as pricipal source of data
Tellegen & Waller Positive & Negative Valence
DSM APA's manual of mental disorders
Contingency relationship b/w behavior & consequences
Ratio schedule # of responses (fixed or varied)
Interval scedule time period lapses (fixed or variable)
Shaping reinforce approximations to the behavior desired
Garcia effect biologically prepared for certain stimuli-associations
Created by: 1161565865
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



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