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PSY 265 - Test 2
Theories of Personality - Dispositional, Biological, Environmental, Behavioral
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| John Watson | Father of radical behaviorism |
| overt | directly observable [events] |
| covert | private, internal events |
| L - Data | life records |
| Q - Data | Questionaires |
| T - Data | Test Data |
| Cattell's "Source" Traits | Building blocks of personality; 16 |
| Cardinal Trait (Allport) | ruling passion |
| Central Trait (Allport) | less pervasive than cardinal traits |
| Secondary/Narrow traits (Allport) | least pervasive, may be only displayed to close individuals |
| Factor Analysis (Cattell) | Statistical method with subjective naming |
| Eysenck's Trait Theory | hierarchy model; Types (composed of traits), Traits (composed of habitual responses) |
| Eysenck's Traits | PEN; Psychoticism, Extraversion/intraversion, Neurotic/stable |
| McCrae & Costa's Traits | OCEAN - Openess/closed, Conscientousness, Extraversion/intraversion, Agreeableness/antagonism, Neuroticism |
| Kretschmer studied: | relationship b/w physique & abnormal psychology |
| Sheldon studied: | relationship b/w physique & normal psychology |
| (Sheldon)Endomorphic/plump: | Viscoretonia; complacent, relaxed, loves physical pleasure |
| (Sheldon)Mesomorphic/muscular: | Somatotonia; risk taker, energetic, assertive |
| (Sheldon) Ectomorphic/frail | Cerebrotonia; self-conscious, apprehensive |
| Darwin's theory | Inidvidual variation, reproductive advantage |
| Evolutionary noise | variations that neither help nor hurt |
| Stabilizing Selection | the effect of having variability in a group |
| Gould | Evolutionary theory of sudden changes (as opposed to Darwin's gradual changes) |
| E. O. WIlson's theory | Social behaviors are performed because they increased reproductive success i.e. altruism |
| Inclusive fitness | Genes passed when ppl genetically related to us reproduce |
| Assortative Mating | Choose partners, as opposed to Darwin's random mating |
| Young Male Syndrome | Young males more competitive & aggressive at age when mate-competition is most fierce |
| Baker & Bellis | Sperm theory: Egg-seeker, Killer sperm & Blocker Sperm |
| SEA Temperament | Sociability, Emotionality, Activity Level |
| Gray | BIS / BAS system |
| BIS | Behavioral Inhibition System; attentive to cues of danger, negative consequences & controls negative emotions. |
| BAS | Behavioral Activiating System; seeks rewards, unconcerned w neg. consequences & controlls positive emotions. |
| low Serotonin correlated with: | High aggression |
| Diet low in Tryptophan | High aggression |
| B.F. Skinner was a: | Radical behaviorists |
| SRC / ABC | Stimulus-Response-Consequence ; Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence |
| Operant Conditioning | Skinnerian; Instrumental |
| Classical Conditioning | Pavlonian, associations US-UR, then CS-CR |
| Methodological Behavioral Approach | Controlled experimentation, Parsimonious, Nomothetic, present-focused |
| Parsimonious | few assumptions, stingy |
| Nomothetic | looking at population statements |
| Idiographic | looking at individual person instead of population |
| US | Unconditioned Stimuli |
| UR | Unconditioned Response |
| CS | Conditioned stimulus |
| CR | Conditioned Response |
| CS then US | forward conditioning |
| CS+US (simultaneously) | simultaneous conditioning |
| Rescorla & Wagner | Cue / Information Conditioning - reliable cue/signal causes condititoning |
| Stimulus generalization | Conditioning to stimuli will transfer to response to similar stimuli |
| Stimulus discrimination | Response to stimuli is exclusive |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers |
| FFM | Five-Factor Model by McCrae & Costa, uses NEO inventories as pricipal source of data |
| Tellegen & Waller | Positive & Negative Valence |
| DSM | APA's manual of mental disorders |
| Contingency | relationship b/w behavior & consequences |
| Ratio schedule | # of responses (fixed or varied) |
| Interval scedule | time period lapses (fixed or variable) |
| Shaping | reinforce approximations to the behavior desired |
| Garcia effect | biologically prepared for certain stimuli-associations |
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