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Pharmacology Exam 2
Womble
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what type of seizure is urinary incontinence common? | Tonic Clonic Seizures |
| Methylxanthines and amphetamines are which type of CNS stimulant? | Psychomotor |
| LSD, PCP, and Angel dust is what type of CNS stimulant? | Psychotomimetic |
| Mechanism of Action includes: -translocation of extracellular Ca+ -adenosine antagonism (modulated Ca+) -inhibition of IP3 resulting in increased cAMP & cGMP? | Methylxanthines |
| Therapeutic use is treatment of migraine headaches | Methylxanthines |
| An increased dose of this stimulant causes central respiratory paralysis? | Nicotine |
| How Amphetamines increase activity of monoamines? | 1)induce release of DA from nerve terminal 2)Release free DA into nerve terminal 3)Prevent degradation of DA,leaving free DA in terminal 4)DA transport responsible to a in reverse & transport free dopamine out of nerve terminal |
| Mechanism of Action: indirect actions release intracellular stores of catecholamines, block MAO, high levels are released, behavioral effects similar to cocaine | Amphetamines |
| Therapeutic uses include: ADHD, depression, narcolepsy | Amphetamines |
| Mechanism of action modifies the action of dopamine in the brain, dopamine remains in synaptic cleft and is free to bind to its receptors on the post synaptic membrane producing further nerve impulses associated with the "high" | Cocaine |
| Adverse effects include: hypertension, tachycardia, sweating & paranoia | Cocaine |
| Is a psychomimmetic that is a 5-HT agonist and can be blocked by haloperidol? | LSD |
| Inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine, 5-HT, and NE and also has anticholinergic activity | PCP |
| Typical antipsychotics refer to what type of antagonism? | Dopamine antagonism (non-specific) |
| Aytpical antipsychotics refer to what type of antagonism? | 5-HT, (serotonin & DA) more specific to Dopamine |
| What are the two components of schizophrenia? | breakdown of personality loss of contact w/reality |
| What are some positive symptoms? | Delusions, auditory hallucinations, manifestations of psychosis |
| What are some negative symptoms? | Blunt affect and emotion, lack of desire to form relationships,lack of motivation, poverty of speech |
| What are the two first antipsychotic drugs? | Reserpine & Chlorpromazine |
| The 5 major classes of antipsychotics are? | Phenothiazine Benzisoxazoles Butyrophenones Thioxanthenes Dibenzodiazpines |
| 3 Classes of phenothiazines include? | Aliphatic, Piperazine, Piperidine |
| Has intermediate EPS & anticholinergic action, increase incidence of sedative action (least potent) | Aliphatic |
| Increased incidence of tardive dyskinesia and is most potent | Piperazine |
| Least potent and has decreased incidence EPS, increased anticholinergic action | Piperidine |
| What type of antagonist is responsible for ortho hypotension and increased prolactin release? | Alpha antagonism |
| Basal ganglia blockade of D1&D2 results in | EPS |
| Chemoreceptor trigger zone gives what type of action | Anti-emetic |
| Can you use dopamine or levadopa to reduce side effects of antipsychotics? | No use benztropine or benadryl |
| When this pathway is degraded parkinson like symptoms occur? | Nigrostriatal |
| The blockade of which tract may reduce the (-) symptoms of schizophrenia? | Mesocortical-Mesolimbic |
| Blockade of this tract produces galactorrhea? | Tuberoinfunibular |
| Which drugs are contraindicated in atypical antipsychotics? | L-dopa & amphetamines |
| Atypical antipsychotics block which receptors? | D1 & D4 and 5-HT adrenergic, cholinergic, & D-2 |
| Which drug is an exception to the anti-emetic effect? | Thioridazine |
| What are some core symptoms of mania? | Increased self esteem, auditory hallucinations, decreased need of sleep, lack of judgement, and SUPERME |
| Hypothesizes that there is a deficit amount of MOA in the CNS, NE, 5-HT, & DA, antidepressants prolong MOA in CNS | Monoamine Hypothesis |
| What type of warning is placed on steroids? | Prolonged use can cause depression b/c of cortisol levels are increased |
| Antagonize (presynaptic) 5-HT, a-adrenergic, histamine, & muscarinic | TCA's |
| Which drug is used for nocturanl enuresis? | Imipramine |
| Which drugs are used to treat toxicity of TCA's? | Diazepam, vasopressors, lidocaine, physostigmine |
| If an overdose on a TCA occurs what can you do? | Decrease absorption w/ activated charcoal Give them NaHCO3 |
| What are two irreversible MAO Inhibitors? | Nardil, Marplan |
| What are the reversible MAOI's? | Parnate, Selegiline |
| What type of symptoms can tyramine cause when taken with an MAOI? | H/a, nausea, hypertension, stroke |
| Using a TCA with what drug class can cause a serotonin syndrome? | SSRI |
| True or False: SSRI's have an increased incidence of anticholinergic and adrenergic action of TCA's? | False, they have a decreased incidence |
| Serotonin syndrome is characterized by what symptoms | hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, myoclonus |
Created by:
dbpharm13
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