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Pelvic Girdle CH16
Pelvic girdle structure, function, false & true pelvis and motions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What makes up the pelvic girdle? | Sacrum, coccyx & two the hip bones (ilium, ischium & pubis). |
| What joints & articulations are included in the pelvic girdle? | Sacroiliac joints (2-Right & left, posterolaterally), the symphysis pubis (1-anteriorly), the lumbosacral joint (superiorly), intervertenral disk (1) & facets (2). |
| The pelvic girdle is also know as? | Pelvis |
| What is the false pelvis? | The bony area between the iliac crests & above the pelvic inlet (no organs here). |
| Where is the pelvic inlet? | Between the sacral promontory (posteriorly) and the superior border of the symphysis pubis (anteriorly). |
| Are there pelvic organs within the false pelvis? | No |
| What is the true pelvis? | It lies between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet. |
| What is the true pelvis also called? | Lesser or minor pelvis. |
| What is the false pelvis also called? | Greater or major pelvis. |
| Where is the pelvic outlet? | Tip of coccyx & inferior surface of the symphysis pubis. |
| What does the pelvic cavity contain? | GI tract, urinary tract, reproductive organs (forms the birth canal in females). |
| What makes up the pelvic cavity? | The true pelvis. |
| Describe the pelvic girdle in males | Pelvic cavity is heart shaped. Sharp pubic arch, walls more verticle, taller & more funnel shaped. |
| Describe the pelvic girdle in females | Sacrum - shorter, and less curved (funnel shaped). Pelvic arch is wider & more rounded. Walls not as verticle. |
| What is the abbreviation for sacroiliac joint? | SI joint |
| Where is the SI joint? | Between the sacrum & ilium (lateral to each). |
| What type of joint is the SI joint? | Synovial = synovial lining, capsule Nonaxial Plane joint irregular surfaces (lock the 2 surfaces together). |
| What is the function (fx)of the SI joint? | Transmit body weight through the spine to the pelvis in the lower extremities. |
| Nutation | Sacral flexion, base (superior) moves anterior/inferior. |
| Counternutation | Sacral extension, base (superior) moves posterior/superior. |
| Sacrum | Wedge shaped and consists of five fused sacral vertebrae. |
| Where is the sacrum located? | Between the two hip bones & makes up the posterior border of the bony pelvis. |
| Base of the sacrum | Superior surface of S1. |
| Promontory of the sacrum | Ridge projecting along the anterior edge of the body of S1. |
| Superior articular process of the sacrum | Located posteriorly on the base, it articulates with the inferior articular process of L5. |
| Ala of the sacrum | Lateral flared wings that are actually fused transverse processes. |
| Foramina of the sacrum | Located on the anterior (pelvic) & dorsal surfacesare four pair of foramina. They serve as the exit for the anterior and posterior divisions of the sacral nerves. The anterior foramina are larger. |
| Auricular surface (auricular latin for earlike)of the sacrum | Named because its shape is similar to the external ear. It is located on the lateral surface of the sacrum & articulates with the ilium. The irregular surface assists in locking the two surfaces together, providing greater stability. |
| Pelvic surface of the sacrum | Concave anterior surface. |
| Ilium | Superior part of the hip bone. |
| Iliac tuberosity | Large roughened area between the posterior portion of the iliac crest and the auricular surface (attachment for interosseous ligament). |
| What serves as the attachment for interosseous ligament? | Iliac tuberosity |
| Auricular surface of the ilium | It is located inferior and anterior to the iliac tuberosity. |
| Iliac crest | Superior ridge of the ilium, the bony area felt when you place your hands on your hips. |
| Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) | Posterior projection of the iliac crest & serves as an attachment for the posterior sacroiliac ligament. |
| Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) | Lies inferior to the PSIS and serves as an attachment for the sacrotuberous ligament. |
| What serves as an attachment for the posterior sacroiliac ligament? | PSIS |
| What serves as an attachment for the posterior sacroiliac ligament? | PIIS |
| What is the bony area felt when you place your hands on your hips? | Iliac Crest |
| Greater sciatic notch | Formed by the ilium superiorly & the ilium & ischium inferiorly. |
| Greater sciatic foramen | Formed from the greater sciatic notch by ligamentous attachments. The sciatic nerve passes through this opening. |
| Sacrotuberous ligament | Sacrum to ischial tuberosity. Forms the posterior medial border of the foramen. |
| Sacrospinous ligament | Sacrum to ischial spine. Forms the inferior border of the foramen. |
| Where does the sciatic nerve pass through? | Greater sciatic foramen |
| Ischial body | makes up all of the ischium superior to the tuberosity. |
| Lesser sciatic notch of the ischium | Smaller concavity located on the posterior body between the greater sciatic notch & the ischial tuberosity. |
| Ischial spine | Located on the posterior body betweenthe greater sciatic & lesser sciatic notches. It provides attachment for the sacrospinous ligament. |
| What provides attachment for the sacrospinous ligament? | Ischial spine |
| Ischial tuberosity | The blunt, rough projection on the inferior part of the body. It is a weight-bearing surface when you are sitting. |
| Anterior/posterior sacroiliac ligament | Supports joint. Broad, flat ligament on the anterior (pelvic) surface connecting the ala & pelvic surface of the sacrum to the auricular surface of the ilium. |
| Seated flexion | Trunk forward, ilium follow so sacrum posterior = sacral extension = sacral counternutation. |
| Seated extension | Trunk extension, ilium follow, so sacrum opposit goes anterior = nutation. |
| Hip flexion | Ilium does opposite (posterior), sacrum opposite (anterior)= nutation |
| Hip extension | Ilium does opposite (anterior), sacrum opposite (posterior)= counternutation |
| Trunk same = | ilium |
| Trunk opposite = | Sacrum |
| Pubic symphysis | Joins the right and left sides of the the pubic bones anteriorly. A fibrocartilage disk lies between the two bones. |
| What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis? | Amphiarthrodial (little movement) |
| What ligaments make up the pubic symphysis? | Superior pubic ligament & inferior pubic ligament. |
| Superior pubic ligament | Attaches to the pubis tubercles on each side of the body and strengthens the superior & anterior portions of the joint. |
| Inferior pubic ligament | Attaches between the two inferior rami. Strengthens the inferior portion of the joint. |
| Pubis body | Main portion of the pubic bone has superior and inferior projections (ramus). |
| Superior ramus of the pubis | Superior projections of the pubic body. |
| Inferior ramus of the pubis | Inferior projections of the pubic body that provides attachment for the inferior pubic ligament. |
| Tubercle of the pubis | Projects anteriorly on the superior ramus near the midline & provides attachment for the superior pubic ligament. |
| Lombosacral Joint | 5th lumbar vertebra & 1st sacral vertebra. There is a body w/disk between, The vertebrae articulate @ the articular process es (inferior of L5 & superior of S1) |
| Iliolumbar Ligament | Attaches on the transverse process of L5 to lateral inner lip of the posterior/superior portion of the iliac crest. |
| Lumbosacral Ligament | Attaches on the transverse process of L5 to the ala of the sacrum. "wings" = lateral/bilateral |
| Lumbosacral Angle | 1)Draw line parallel to ground 2)Draw line parallel to base of sacrum (flat surface) |
| Increased lordosis | Increased lumbosacral angle (back motion) (Normal 30 degrees) |
| Decreased lordosis | Decreased lumbosacral angle (back motion) (Normal 30 degrees) |
| What happens to L5 with increased lordosis and increased lumbosacral angle? | L5 has tendency to slide anterior - blocked by spinal ligaments. |
| Pelvic girdle motion: Anterior Tilt | Pelvis tilts forward; ASIS lowers anteriorly and PSIS elevates. |
| Pelvic girdle motion: Posterior Tilt | Pelvis tilts backward; ASIS elevates and PSIS lowers posteriorly. |
| How to stay upright if pelvis tilts forward (anterior tilt) | Something must go backward = trunk extension |
| Anterior Tilt (combination movements) | Trunk extension, increased lordosis & hip flexion. |
| Posterior Tilt (combination movements) | Trunk flexion, decreased lordosis & hip extension. |
| Lateral Tilt (unsupported side) | One iliac crest is higher then the other; not level. Lateral bending (to supported side) Adduction - weight bearing side / Abduction - non-weight bearing side. |
| Pelvic Rotation (forward/anterior) | Rotation in a transverse plane/vertical axis (rotation to opposite side) medial rotation - weight bearing side. |
| Pelvic Rotation (backward/posterior) | Rotation in a transverse plane/vertical axis (rotation to opposite side) lateral rotation - weight bearing side. |
| Force Couples of pelvic girdle: Anterior Tilt | Back extensors & hip flexors. |
| Force Couples of pelvic girdle: Posterior Tilt | Trunk flexors (abdominals) & hip extensors (hamstrings & gluteus maximus). |
| Force Couples of pelvic girdle: Lateral Tilt | Quadratus lumborum & erector spinae. |
Created by:
srussel
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