Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
hypothalmic nuclei
brainstem and hypothalamic nuclei, projections and functions
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| I. Olfactory nerve | special somatic sensory | innervates nasal epithelium and carries olfaction into frontal and temporal lobes |
| II. Optic nerve | special somatic sensory | comes from retina to LGN |
| III. Oculomotor nerve | somatic motor and parasympathetic | oculomotor--controls superior, inferior and medial recti, and inferior oblique Edinger-Westphal--pupil constrictor |
| IV. Trochlear nerve | somatic motor | innervates superior oblique |
| V. Trigeminal nerve | somatosensation from the face and mouth motor fibers to muscles of mastication, crude touch, pain temperature, propriocepion and temperature from face | spinal trigeminal, main sensory, mesencephalic, trigeminal motor |
| VI. Abducens | somatic motor abducens nucleus | lateral rectus |
| VII. Facial | branchial motor, parasympathetic, special visceral sensory, general somatic sensory | facial, superior salivatory, nucleus solitarious, spinal trigeminal |
| IX. Glossopharyngeal | branchial motor, parasympathetic, general somatic sensory, special visceral sensory | nucleus ambiguus, inferior salvitory, spinal trigeminal, nucleus solitarius |
| X. Vagus | branchial motor, parasympathetic, special visceral sensory, general visceral sensory | nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus X, spinal trigeminal, nucleus solitarius |
| XI. Spinal accessory | branchial motor spinal accessory nucleus | sternocleidomastoid and trapezius |
| XII. Hypoglossal | somatic motor hypoglossal nucleus | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| Spinal trigeminal nucleus | crude touch, pain, temperature and vibration of the face | fibers from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X general somatic sensory |
| V1 | opthalamic division | top of head, forehead, eyes and bridge of nose |
| V2 | maxillary division | tip of nose and nasal cavity, temples, upper lip and cheeks |
| V3 | mandibular division | lower lip, jaw, tongue, and most of the ear |
| main sensory trigeminal nucleus | convey fine touch, position sense, epicritic sensation general somatic sensory | |
| mesencephalic nucleus of V | general somatic sensory | outside the PAG conveys proprioceptive information form the muscles of mastication and mediates the jaw jerk reflex |
| Motor nucleus of V | branchial motor | control the muscles of mastication descending corticobulbar tract synapses here |
| nucleus solitarius | special and general visceral sensory nerves VII, IX, X | receives taste information, carries taste information for epiglottis and pharynx, taste for posterior 1/3 of tongue |
| hypothalamus | maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of drive-related behaviors and emotion, modulation of ANS, cortol of the pituitary gland | receives blood-borne information and sends out hormones (blood-borne output) |
| dorsal longitudinal fasiculus | located within the brainstem and travels through the PAG--descending tract from hyppothalamus to brainstem | ascending tract carrying visceral information from the reticular formation to the hyppothalamus |
| anterior pituitary adenohypophysis | controlled indirectly by hypothalamus releases TSH, dopamine and growth hormone Magnocellular neurons | controls metabolism, milk production and growth hormones |
| posterior pituitary | controlled directly from hypothalamus parvocellular neurons | magnocellular (large) neuron axonsrun directly from hypothalamus into the posterior pituitay, the terminals release oxytocin and vasopressin directly into the circulation in the posterior pituitary |
| preoptic zone | medial preoptic nucleus--releases gonadotropin releasing hormone which induces anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH | Lateral preoptic nucleus--doesn't release hormones but has neurons with adenosine receptors important for sleep-wake cycles |
| Supraoptic area (anterior) | paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei anterior, suprachiasmatic nuclei | contains magnocellular neurons |
| magnocellular neurons | secrete oxytocin and vassopressin in the posterior pituitary | big neurons |
| parvocellular neurons | produce and secrete releasing and inhibiting factors in the median eminence these substances influence hormone release in anterior pituitary | small neurons |
| Anterior hypothalamic nucleus | stimulation produces parasympathetic responses | larger in heterosexual males |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus | receives input from the retina to modulate circadian rhythms | |
| Middle (tuberal) nuclei | dorsomedial, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei | |
| dorsomedial nucleus (hypothalamus) | important for stimulating rage behaviors | |
| ventromedial nucleus | important for feeding behavior, and female sex behavior | releases catecholamines which induce pancreas to secrete insulin |
| arcuate nucleus | contains parvocellular neurons that release hormones to influence pituitary | |
| Posterior nucleus | stimulation provokes sympathetic responses (increased heart rate, breathing) and analgesia | |
| mammilary bodies | parcipates in limbic functions through connections with the hippocampus (fornix) | Korsakoff's syndrome--degeneration of mammillary bodies |
| Fornix | hippocampus through fornix to precommisural fibers to septal nuclei | hippocampus through fornix to postcommisural fibers to mammillary bodies |
| stria terminalis | from amygdala to many hypothalamic nuclei | defensive reactions |
| dorsal longitudinal fasiculus | orginates in midbrain tegmentum including PAG, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei and returning to the same places (through reticular formation) | parasympathetic responses |
| Medial forebrain bundle | axons from frontal cortex, stria terminalis, septal nuclei and olfactory regions of forebrain passing through lateral hypothalamus | modulate visceral and somatic reactions in response to emotionally charged input |
| mammilothalamic tract | mammillary bodies project to the anterior thalamus | involved in memory and emotional expression |
| HPA stress reaction | hypothalamus secretes CRH which stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce ACTH | ACTH acts on adrenal cortex causing release of cortisol cortison bidns to glucocorticoid receptors |
| short term stress | cortisol elevates blood sugar, suppresses immune system and lets Ca2+ into cels to increase responsitivity to input | |
| prolonged psychological stress | increased Ca2+ for prolonged periods leads to excitotoxicity which can damage hippocampus | |
| median eminence | devoid of a blood-brain barrier connects hypothalamus with anterior pituitary | integral in hypophyseal portal system |
| anterior commissure | connects two hemispheres specifically temporal lobes and amygdala | |
| VIII. Vestibulocochlear | special somatic sensory vestibular and cochlear | innervates semicircular canals and cochlea |
Created by:
emward
Popular Psychology sets