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Sherer Ch8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| science that deals with incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population | epidemiology |
| graphical representation of observed effects of radiation exposure in relation to dose received | radiation dose-response curve |
| point at which a response or raction to an increasing stimulation occurs | threshold |
| any radiation dose will produce a biologic effect | nonthreshold relationship |
| diagnostic radiography follows what kind of curve | linear quadratic nonthreshold curve |
| the equation that best fits the data has terms that depend on dose and also dose squared | linear quadratic |
| implies biologic response to ionizing radiation is directly proportional to the dose | linear nonthreshold |
| probability of causation of excess fatal cancer in Japanese atomic bombing survivors | 5% per Sv |
| problem with linear model | may overestimate risk at low doses |
| most important late stochastic somatic effect caused by exposure to ionizing radiation | cancer |
| how long may radiation induced cancers take to develop | 5+ years |
| radium girls somatic effects | osteoporosis, osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma of epithelial cells of nasopharynx & sinus |
| bones most frequently effected in radium girls | pelvis, femur, mandible |
| doses radium girls said to experienced | 5Gy + |
| uranium miners primary damage | lung cancer from inhalation of radon within mines |
| what % of uranium miners succumbed to lung cancer | 50% |
| EqD miners estimated to have recieved | 10Sv+ |
| diseases of early radiologists | aplastic anemia, leukemia, cancerous lesions on hands |
| Estimated doses to early radiologists | 1Gy/yr |
| Thorotrast late effects | liver and spleen cancer, angiosarcomas & biliary duct carcinomas. 15-20 yr latent period |
| infants treated for enlarged thymus late effects | thyroid cancer, 20 years later |
| postpartum mastitis late effects | breast cancer |
| children of Marshall Islanders | thyroid cancer |
| Average dose for Atolls from fallout | 12 Gy |
| effects on japanese atomic bomb survivors | leukemia, thyroid, breast, lung, & bone cancers |
| what is typical time period for leukemia | 2 years after initial exposure, highest level between 7-10yrs, declines to almost zero @ 30 years |
| solid tumor incubation period | usually takes 10 years to occur |
| what kind of relationship exists between radiation dose and radiation-induced leukemia? | linear |
| radiation induced leukemia follows what kind of curve? | linear non-threshold dose curve |
| radiation dose inflicted on hiroshima populations consisted of what? | 50% gamma radiation & 50% neutrons |
| radiation dose inflicted on nagasaki populations consisted of what? | 10% neutrons, 90% gamma radiation |
| radiation induced leukemia and solid tumors most attributable to what type of radiation | gamma |
| more than ___ different countries received fallout from Chernobyl accident in the 10 days after the accident | 20 |
| what was used to block the uptake of Iodide-131 in children in the area of the chernobyl accident | potassium iodide |
| approx. time of appearance for radiation induced thyroid malignancies | 10-20 years |
| most pronounced health effect from chernobyl | thyroid cancer |
| life span of animals shortened after exposure to non-lethal doses of radiation | nonspecific life span shortening |
| radiologic technologists starting work after what year showed no increased risk of cancer death | 1940 |
Created by:
jen.studer
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