Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
IOS 10 test 1
Identification, stain, basic terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| infection | Invasion of the body with organisms that have the potential to cause disease |
| Disease | A morbid entity characterized by: recognized agent, s/s, and/or consistant with anatomic alterations |
| Infectious disease is the blank cause of death | second after CVD |
| Leading infectious killer is | Acute respiratory infection-pneumonia,influenza |
| More people get____, and more die of______ | Viral infections and die of bacterial infections |
| Inapparent | No detectable clinical s/s- (never) |
| Dormant | Asymptomatic carrier, chicken pox and will later in life have shingles |
| Opportunistic | Caused by normal flora or transient bacteria when host system is compromised |
| Primary infection | Invasion and multiplication of microbes in a local area of the body |
| Secondary infection | A microbial invasion after a primary infection |
| Mixed infection | Two or more microbes infecting the same tissue |
| Acute infection | Rapid onset, brief duration |
| Chronic infection | Prolonged duration |
| Localized infection | Can point to the site of infection |
| Generalized | Disseminated throughout the body |
| Bacteremia | Presence of bacteria in the blood |
| Pyrogenic infection | A pus forming infection |
| Retrograde infection | Infection that ascends duct or tube against secretion flow |
| Fulminant infection | Sudden and intense infection |
| Superinfection | Considered a complication or adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy |
| Principle pathogen | Invasion in normal host |
| Opportunistic pathogen | Invasion in compromised host |
| Nonspecific immunity | Physical barriers, humoral response, normal flora |
| Specific immunity | Innate response, natural immunity, passive immunity, active immunity |
| Humoral response | Acute response, generalized reaction, leukocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, complement, INF, cytokines, fibronectin, PMN, macrophages, monocytes |
| Natural immunity | Species to species resistance |
| Passive immunity | Vertical or artificial Antibody transfer |
| Active immunity | A vaccine which gives you the antigen and you build a response |
| Exogenous source of infection | Natural flora normally commensal but becomes opportunistic pathogen if translocates |
| Exogenous source of infection | Aquired from external source or carrier |
| Trophism | Affinity for certain tissues from character of the organism |
| Adherence | Attachment to host cells and considered the 1st step in host killing and toxic delivery |
| Adhesins | Filamentous structures (filmbriae or pili) bind specific receptors on host (sugars) |
| Exotoxins | Proteins that are secreted into the surrounding environment (or via lysis) |
| Endotoxins | From Gram - cells, are released via cell lysis or reproductive debris other wise not toxic |
| Steps in antimicrobial therapy | Empiric,Directed, Curative (prophylactic) |
| Empiric therapy | Organism is not known, but isolated and patient treated empirically |
| Directed therapy | Organism is known and narrow spectrum therapy given |
| Curative therapy | Prophylatic phase or suppression phase goal to erradicate or prevent |
| Bacterostatic | Inhibits the bacterias growth |
| Batericidal | Kills the organism |
| Factors in antibiotic selection | MOA, Spectrum, Resistance, PK, PD,Toxic, DI, indications, adherence, cost |
| Gram + features | Thick cell peptogylcan cell wall,NAG, NAMA, |
| Gram- features | Thin peptogylcan cell wall with a outer membrane and an inner cytoplasmic membrance and intersticial space |
| Cell envelope | Composed of the plasma membrane and the cell wall |
| Capsules | Composed of gel like polysaccharides that protect the microbe |
| Slime layer | Amorphous gel composed of polysaccharides, proteins, , AA, DNA |
| Biofilm | In colonies microbes began producing quorum sensors that induce aggregation and biofilm formation |
| Bacterial Pathogenesis | Most extracellular,intersticial spaces and adhere and secrete exotoxins |
| Neurotoxins | Inhibit Ach thus cause paralysis |
| Cytotoxins | Inhibit proteins synthesis leading to secondary complications such as pulmonary hypersecretion |
| Enterotoxins | Disrupt smooth muscle contraction resulting in GI distrubances |
| Endotoxins | Release of toxic substances from Gram- cell walls upon lysis or reproductive debris- can lead to sepsis |
| Cocci | sphere |
| Bacilli | Rod |
| Sprilla | Twirl shape |
| Vibro | cresent moon shape |
| Streptobacillus | String or chain |
| Staphtobacillus | Rod clusters |
| Spirillum | 2 twists |
| Spirochete | Many twists |
| Outer Organelles | Flagella, Pili (can be used for trophism) |
| Cytoplasm | Caontain enzymes, co-enzymes, metabolites, AA, neuclotides, RNA, inorganic ions, ribosomes, polysomes |
| Nucleoid | DS DNA, Genome in free floting cytoplasma (no nuclear membrane) |
| Enterotoxins (gut) | Hypersecretion, inhibit proteins synthesis, and can be lethal |
| Bacterial Protection MOA | Block lysomal fusion, survival in host lysomal, secrete phospholipase and degrade phagosomal membrane |
| MIC-minimum inhibitiory concentration | Lowest concentration of antibiotic at which growth of 1 bacteria species is inhibited |
| MBC- minimum bactericidal concentration | Lowest concentration of antibiotic at which 1 bacteria species is killed |
| Use of MIC | Comparison between drug class (1 organims) |
| MIC 50 | Minimum inhibitory concentration at which 50% or organisms are inhibited (groups) |
| MIC 90 | Concentration at which 90% of population is inhibited |
| MIC variability | If MIC 50 & MIC 90 values are near each other there is low varibility |
| Disk Diffusion | Plate organism and add antibiotic measure zone of inhibition (mm). Indirect MIC |
| Zone of inhibition | Indirect MIC |
| Broth dilution | Actual MIC and MBC are calculated |
| Etest | Combination of Broth and disk, given MIC based zone of inhibition |
| MicoScan & Vitek | Automated MIC values which can test multiple drugs using terbidometric method |
| Antibiotic breakpoints | Specific to bug and drug allows comparison using breakpoint of S, I, R |
| Gram Stain use | Quantitation of bacteria, access purulence |
| Acid fast stain | Identifies mycobacteria, nocardia, cryptosporidium |
| KOH | identifies fungi |
| Methamine silver stain | Identified pneumocyctis |
| Catalase test | Identifies Stap aureus from other Gram + bacilli |
| Coagulase | Allows for the identification of S. aureus verse other Gram + bacilli |
| Fermentation test | Allows for the identification of Gram- bacilli (dextrose and phenyl red) |
| Steptococcal hemolysis | Way of identifying Staph pyrogenes (group A) |
| B-hemolysis | Staph Pyrogenes completely hemolysis auger |
| Alpha hemolysis | Partial lysis- Viridan strep, strep pneumo |
| gamm hemolysis | No lysis |
| Mycoplasma | Does not have a cell wall and does not stain. Requires sterols for growth |
Created by:
liza001
Popular Pharmacology sets