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Chapter 8 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Molarity | is an expression of the number of moles of a drug in a volume of solution. |
| Mole | is the number of grams numerically equal to the molecular weight of the drug |
| The Molecular weight | is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms that make up the drug molecule |
| Osmoles | is equal to the molecular weight of the drug divided by the numbers of ions formed when a drug dissolves in solution |
| additive | a drug that is added to a parenteral solution |
| admixture | the resulting solution when a drug is added to a parenteral solution |
| ampules | sealed glass containers with an elongated neck |
| anhydrous | without water molecules |
| aseptic techniques | methods that maintain sterility of sterile products |
| bevel | an angled surface at the tip of a needle |
| compounded sterile preparation (CSP) | a compounded sterile parenteral dosage form that will be parenterally administered |
| coring | when a needle damages the rubber closure of a parenteral container causing fragments to fall into the container |
| depth filter | a filter placed inside a needle hub that can filter solutions being drawn into or (expelled)out of a syringe, but not both ways |
| dialysis | movement of particles in a solution through permeable membranes |
| diluent | a solvent that dissolves a lyophilized powder or dilutes a solution |
| equivalent weight | a drug's molecular weight divided by its valence, a common measure of electrolyte concentration |
| final filter | a filter placed immediately before a solution enters a patient's vein |
| Flashball | flexible rubber tubing near the needle adapter of an administration set used to determine if the needle is properly placed in the vein |
| flow rate | the rate (in ml/hour or ml/minute) at which the solution is administered to the patient |
| gauge | a needle measurement, with needles , the higher the number, the thinner the lumen |
| HEPA filter | a high efficiency particulate air filter |
| heparin lock | an injection device used when a primary LVP solution is not available |
| Horizontal flow hood | a laminar flow hood where the air crosses the work area in a horizontal direction |
| hub | the part of the needle that attaches to the syringe |
| hypertonic | when a solution has a greater osmolarity than that of blood |
| hypotonic | when a solution has a lesser osmolarity than that of blood |
| ions | molecular particles that carry electric charges |
| irrigation solution | large volume splash solutions used during surgical or urologic procedures to bathe and moisten body tissues |
| isotonic | when a solution has an osmolarity equivalent to that of blood |
| laminar flow | continuous movement at a uniform rate in one direction |
| lumen | the hollow center of a needle |
| lyophilized | freeze dried |
| membrane filter | a filter that attaches to a syringe and filters solution through a membrane as the solution is expelled from the syringe |
| molecular weight | the sum of the atomic weights of a molecule |
| osmosis | the action in which a drug in a higher concentration solution passes through a permeable membrane to a lower concentration solution |
| osmotic pressure | a characteristic of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles in it |
| peritoneal dialysis solution | a solution placed in and emptied from the peritoneal cavity to remove toxic substances |
| piggybacks | small volume solutions connected to an LVP |
| pyrogens | chemicals produced by microorganisms that can cause fever reactions in patients |
| ready-to-mix | a specially designed minibag where a drug is put into the SVP fluid just prior to administration |
| shaft | the stem of the needle that provides the overall length of the needle |
| sharps | any object that can puncture or cut the skin of anyone who handles them |
| Slip-Tip, Luer-Lok eccentric, oral | different types of syringe tips |
| total nutrient admixture (TNA) solution | a TPN solution that contains intravenous fat emulsions |
| total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution | complex solutions with two base solutions (amino acids and dextrose) and additional micro-nutrients |
| valence | the number of positive or negative charges on an ion |
| vertical flow hood | a laminar flow hood where the air crosses the work area in a vertical direction |
| waters of hydration | water molecules that attach to drug molecules |
| chemical complexations | when two drugs combine and form a new chemical |
| ready to mix systems | systems with predetermined amounts of admixture components for which admixing takes place just prior to administration |
| biological safety cabinets | are used in the preparation of hazardous drugs and protect both personnel and the environment from contamination |
| irrigation solution | Large splash solutions used during surgical or urologic procedures to bathe and moisten body tissue |
| RCRA - The Resource Conservation and Recovery Axt | regulates handling hazardous waste |
| LVP solution - Large Volume Parenteral | Commonly 100,250,500, and 100 ml IV solution |
| SVP Solution - Small Volume Parenteral | Packaged product either directly administered to a patient or added to another parenteral |
| TPN solution- Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions | Intravenous solution with amino acids, dextrose, and additional micronutrients |
| TNA solution- Total Nutrient Admixture | Intravenous solution with amino acids , dextrose, fat emulsions, and additional micronutrients |
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