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Bipolar&Schizo
BipolarDisorder
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bipolar I disorder | - One or more manic episodes - Also had one or more major despressive episodes |
| Bipolar II disorder | - Presenence of one or more depressive episodes - at least one hypomanic episode - no history of a manic episode |
| Manic State | - Abnormally and persistenly elevated/expansive/irritable mood lasting 1 week - 3+ of the following: grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, distractability, pleasurable activities with painful consequences |
| Bipolar causes | strong genetic component: neurotransmitter change or imbalance, change in receptor sensitivity |
| Bipolar treatments | - mood stablising drug (e.g. Lithium) - psychosocial treatments: alleviating core symptoms, recognising episode triggers, factors that lead to maintance of remission |
| Bipolar triggers | - severe stress or emotional trauma - major life events - substance abuse - antidepressant drugs can trigger mania - seasonal pattern followed |
| Delusional disorders: Fergoli's syndrome | Belief that a persecutor is taking on some different apparences |
| Delusional disorders: Cotard's syndrome | Belief that you are dead (or an empty shell) |
| Delusional disorders: Capgra's syndrome | Belief that close family members have been replaced by identical looking imposters or repilcas |
| Delusional disorders: Erotomania | Belief that some other person is in love with you even though you have never met or communicated with them |
| Delusions | False beliefs that counter the prevailing cultural view |
| Criteria of abnormality | statistical deviation, social norm violation, maladaptive behaviour, personal distress |
| Diagnositic criteria for Schizophrenia | Two (or more) of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour, negative symptoms |
| Positive symptoms for schizophrenia | added to the person e.g. delusions, hallucinations |
| Negative symptoms for schizophrenia | something taken away e.g. avoilition (lack of motivation), anhedonia (lack of pleasure), alogia (poverty of speech) |
| Paranoid schizophrenia | - preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations of a presecutory nature - none of the following is prominant: disorganised speech, disorganised or catatonic behaviour |
| Catatonic schizophrenia | Two of: - Motoric immobility (waxy flexibility, bizzarre posutres etc) - excessive motor activity - Extreme negativism - echolalia and echopraxia |
| Disorganised schizophrenia | - disorganised speech - disorganised behaviour - flat or inappropriate affect |
| Undefferentiated schizophrenia | Doesn't fit any of the other subtypes - a combination of symptoms |
| Residual schizophrenia | Symptoms patients are left with after treatment |
| Schizophrenia causes | - genetic influences (inherited vulnerability, polygenetic) - neurobiological influences (dopamine hypothesis and brain structure) - prenatal and perinatal influences - psychological and social influences |
| Schizophrenia treatments | - antipsychotic medication (neuroleptics) - behavioural therapy - community care programs - social and living skills training - vocational rehabilitation - patient education and self-care |
| Diagnosis of depression | - presence of more than depressed or negative mood - duration of weeks or months - impairment in functioning - informmation about prior symptomology |
| Major Depressive episode | Presence of 5 or more of these for at least 2 weeks: sad/depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day; loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, sleep disturbance, appetite disturbance, fatigue, negative self-concept, thoughts of death/suicide |
| Major Depressive Disoder Recurrent | presence of two or more major depressive episodes, don't meet criteria for mania, symptoms not able to be accounted for by anything else |
| Dysthymic disorder | Milder chronic form of deression. 2 or more of the follwing most of the week for 2 years: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hyposomnia, low engergy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concerntration, feelings of hopelessness. |
| Subtypes of depression | mild, moderate, severe without psychotic features, severe with psychotic features, catatonic, melancholic, atypical, seasonal, postpartum onset, rapid-cycling etc. |
| Depression comorbid with | anxiety, substance abuse, and personality disorders |
| Causes of depression | diathesis-stress model, learned helplessness/cognitive thoery, interpersonal perspecives |
| Treatment of depression | Antidepressants, cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy (combination best) |
Created by:
southeange
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