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US Govt
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Public Opinion | The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by same portion of the majority of the people. NOT EVERYONE |
| Political Socialization | Process by which ppl acquire political beliefs and attitude (public opinion) Starts with Family: communication and receptivity Factors: Wealth, family, race, religion, education, gender, media, age |
| Gender Gap | The difference between the percentage of women who vote for a particular candidate and the percentage of men who vote for the candidate Women: Care more about environment, social welfare and extending civil rights to gays and lesbians Men: Abroad issu |
| Reasons for Gender Gap | Decline in Marriage Increase in number of working women Men richer than women |
| History of Opinion Polls | Literary Digest: mailed questionnaires to subscribers Gallup poll Roper Poll |
| Generational Effect | A long-lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time. |
| Sampling Techniques | Representative Sampling Principles of Randomness |
| Problems with Polls | Sampling Error: The difference between a sample's results and the true result if the entire population had been interviewed Push Polls: Questions are misleading Margin of Error: +/- 3 % makes a poll reliable |
| Phone Polling | -Less expensive -Ppl refuse to respond |
| Internet Polling | -Nonpolls -Harris Poll -Inaccurate polls -Not reliable |
| How do polls affect policy making? | -Limit govt action through public pressure -Policy leaders not always guided by opinion polls b/c respondents don't understand costs and consequences |
| Interest groups | An organized group of individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policy makers |
| Lobbyist | -Anyone who spends 20% or more in Congress -Anyone who attempts to influence legislation and decisions of govt -Representative |
| Social Movements | -Precursors to interest groups -Represents demands of a large segment of the public for change |
| Interest Groups Created to: | -Meet an immediate crisis -Based on social movement |
| Why Do Americans Join Interest Groups? | Latent Interests: Unrecognized Solidary incentives: Reason/motive that deals with desire to associate with ppl that have same interests Material incentives: Get economic benefits (discounts, insurance) Purposive Incentives: Ppl agree with group goals |
| Free-rider problem | Difficulty interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits the achieve can be gained without joining the group |
| Why so many interest groups? | -Right to join is protected by 1st Amendment -Govt allows ppl to form groups ANYWHERE |
| Types of Interest Groups: | Most popular: Economic -Business, agricultural, labor unions -Environmental -Public Interest -Single-Interest Groups -Foreign Govts-deal with trade issues |
| What makes Interest groups so powerful? | -Size and resources-more ppl=more money -Leadership -Cohesiveness-motivation=key factor -Most important factor: Who you know |
| Direct Techniques | -Lobbyists do it theirselves -Testify by committee -Private meetings -Write the bills for the legislation -Provide political information -Campaign assistance -Build alliances with other groups |
| Indirect Techniques | -Groups use general public or third party -Public pressure -Demonstrations |
| Climate control | -Use of public relations techniques to create a favorable public opinion toward an interest group, industry or corporation |
| Political Party | -A group of political activists who organize to win elections, operate govt. and determine public policy |
| Difference between Interest Groups and Political Parties | Interest Groups: Do not try to influence govt -Don't put forth candidates |
| Formative years | First political division: -Federalists -Anti-Federalists: Democratic Republicans |
| Era of Good Feelings | Federalists dissolved -Democratic Republicans dominated -James Monroe president |
| Whig Party | -National Republicans -Followers of Adams -Anti-Jackson -"Internal Improvements" |
| Democratic Party | -Followers of Jackson |
| Civil War Split | Whig Party split over slavery -North Whigs combined w/ antislavery democrats and formed REPUBLICAN PARTY (Free soilers) |
| Two Party System | Only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning |
| Three faces of a Party | Party-in-the-electorate: People who vote Party Organization:Formal leadership -National, state and local leaders Party-in-Government: All of the elected officials |
| National Convention | Meeting held each 4 years and used to nominate president and vice president candidates |
| Party Platform | Outlines policies, positions and principles of candidates |
| Realignment Dealignmenet | Someone switches parties A decline in party loyalties that reduces long-term party commitment |
Created by:
lena.rowland
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