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Psychology Chapter 2
Stack #47842
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A descriptive research technique in which the effort is focused on a single case, usually an individual. | A case study |
| The principle that personal information obtained from a participant in research or therapy should not be revealed without the individual’s permission. | Confidentiality |
| An uncontrolled variable that changes along with the independent variable. | Confounding variable |
| A statistic that indicates whether two variables vary together in a systematic way; correlation coefficients vary from +1.00 to –1.00. | Correlation |
| At the conclusion of an experimental session, informing the participants about the general purpose of the experiment, including any deception that was involved. | Debriefing |
| The behavior that is measured or observed in an experiment. | Dependent variable |
| Methods designed to observe and describe behavior. | Descriptive research |
| Mathematical techniques that help researchers describe their data. | Descriptive statistics |
| Neither participants nor research observers are aware of who has been assigned to the experimental and control groups; it’s used to control for both subject and experimenter expectancies. | Double-blind study |
| A technique in which the investigator actively manipulates the environment to observe its effect on behavior. | Experimental research |
| The extent to which results generalize to other situations or are representative of real life. | External validity |
| The aspect of the environment that is manipulated in an experiment. It must consist of at least two conditions. | Independent variable |
| Mathematical techniques that help researchers decide whether data are representative of a population or whether differences among observations can be attributed to chance. | Inferential statistics |
| The principle that before consenting to participate in research, people should be fully informed about any significant factors that could affect their willingness to participate. | Informed consent |
| The extent to which an experiment has effectively controlled for confounding variables; internally valid experiments allow for the determination of causality. | Internal validity |
| A descriptive research technique that records naturally occurring behavior as opposed to behavior produced in the laboratory. | Naturalistic observation |
| Definitions that specify how concepts can be observed and measured. | Operational definition |
| An inactive, or inert, substance that resembles an experimental substance. | Placebo |
| A technique ensuring that each participant in an experiment has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions in the experiment. | Random assignment |
| A procedure guaranteeing that everyone in the population has an equal likelihood of being selected for the sample. | Random sampling |
| When behavior changes as a result of the observation process. | Reactivity |
| A multistep technique that generates empirical knowledge—that is, knowledge derived from systematic observations of the world. | Scientific method |
| Experimental participants do not know to which condition they have been assigned (e.g., experimental versus control); it’s used to control for subject expectancies. | Single-blind study |
| An indication of how much individual scores differ or vary from the mean. | Standard deviation |
| A descriptive research technique designed to gather limited amounts of information from many people, usually by administering some kind of questionnaire. | Survey |
| A measure of how much the scores in a distribution of scores differ from one another. | Variability |
| The four major steps in the scientific method. | Observe, Detect regularities, Generate a hypothesis, Observe |
| Animals used in a study are called ---. | Subjects |
| Humans used in a study are called ---. | Participants |
| Someone in a study who acts like a participant, but really knows what is going on, and has been told what to do and say. | A confederate |
Created by:
melodious88
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