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Sherer Ch5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 4 major classes of organic compounds - and what % of cell do they comprise? | protiens 15%, lipids 2%, carbohydrates 1%, nucleic acids 1% |
| what are inorganic compounds | compounds that don't contain carbon - acids, bases, and salts |
| what are the components of DNA? | two long-sugar phosphate chains (rails) linked by pairs of nitrogenous organic bases (steps). Hydrogen bonds attack bases to each other. |
| what are purines? | adenine (A) & guanine (G) |
| what are pyrimidines? | Cytosine (C) & Thymine (T) |
| nitrogen-containing organic base, five carbon sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and a phosphate molecule | nucleotide |
| protien synthesis involves how many amino acids? | 22 |
| what is most important inorganic compound? | water!!! |
| what determines cell function? | order of arrangement of protiens |
| provide the body with shape and form, source of heat and energy | structural protiens |
| function as organ catalysts – affect rate & speed of chemical reactions | enzymatic protiens |
| Can mend damaged molecules, capable of helping the cell recover from a small amt of radiation induced damage | repair enzymes |
| attempt to deliver enough radiation to kill cancerous cells, while delivering a less than cell killing, and therefore repairable, EqD to surrounding noncancerous tissue structure | therapeutic ratio |
| chemical secretions that influence the activities of other parts of the body | hormones |
| protein molecules produced by lymphocytes | antibodies |
| Chains of sugar molecules. Short term energy warehouses for the body | carbohydrates |
| primary purpose of carbohydrates | provide fuel for cell metabolism |
| primary energy source in the cell | glucose |
| Molecule of glycerin & 3 molecules of fatty acid | lipid |
| functions that lipids perform in the body | energy storage, insulation & protection, lubrication, digestion aid, provide substances for growth & development |
| . Carries genetic info necessary for replications, regulates all cellular activity to direct protein synthesis. Determines a person’s characteristics by regulating sequence of amino acids | DNA |
| DNA regulates cellular activity indirectly, transmitting genetic info outside cell nucleus by reproducing itself in the form of | mRNA |
| how mRNA differs from DNA | contains ribose in backbone -extra OH bond from deoxyribose, uracil (U), replaces Thymine, resembles half a DNA molecule |
| combines with individual amino acids from different areas of cell and attaches them to the ribosomes | tRNA |
| functions to assist in linking of mRNA to the ribosome to facilitate protein synthesis | ribosomal RNA |
| tiny, rod-shaped bodies become visible only in dividing cells. Composed of protein and DNA | chromosomes |
| specific sequence of base pairs in a chromosome | gene |
| total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the human being | human genome |
| how many base pairs in human genome | 2.9 billion |
| how many genes are possible? | 30K |
| how many different proteins are possible to be produced? | 90K |
| hydrogen containing compounds that attack and dissolve metal | acids |
| can neutralize acids | bases |
| chemical compounds resulting from the action of an acid and a base on each other | salts |
| function of water inside cell | solvent, transportation, maintain body temp, cushion, regulated concentrations, lubes joints & digestive system |
| keep correct proportion of water in the cell | Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) |
| necessary for proper cell performance, creation of energy, and conduction of impulses along nerves | Mineral salts |
| barricade to protect cellular contents from their environment & controls passage of water and other materials in/out. Elimination of wastes & refines material for energy through breakdown of materials | cellular membrane |
| Enables cell to communicate with extracellular environment & transfers food from one part of the cell to another | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Unites large carb molecules and combines them with proteins to for glycoprotiens; concentrates, packages, & transports enzymes & hormones thru the cell membrane so they can exit the cell, enter bloodstream, and be carried to areas where they are needed | golgi apparatus |
| Large double membrane bean shaped structure. Produce energy for extra cellular activity by breaking down nutrients through oxidative metabolism | mitochondria |
| Small pea-like sacs or single membrane spherical bodies. Dispose of large particles (bacteria & food) as well as smaller particles; contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down and digest proteins certain carbs, and the cell itself | lysosome |
| Manufacture various proteins that cells require – attached to and part of ER | ribosomes |
| Believed to play some part in the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division | centrosomes |
| Contains genetic material; controls cell division and multiplication and also biochemical reactions that occur within the living cell | DNA |
| Holds a large amt of RNA | nucleolus |
| osmosis, requires no energy on the part of the cell | passive transport |
| cell must expend energy to pump substances into and out of it | active transport |
| any chemical reaction in which an atom loses electrons | oxidation |
| stages of cell growth | M (mitosis phase) G1 (pre-DNA synthesis phase) S (Synthesis phase) G2 (post-DNA synthesis phase) |
| stage of cell division in which chromosome damage caused by radiation can be evaluated | metaphase |
Created by:
jen.studer
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