Question 1

Class A prescription balance

Accepted Answer

a two-pan device that may be used
for weighing small amounts of drugs, not more than 120 grams.

Question 2

counter balance

Accepted Answer

capable of weighing larger quantities (such as
bulk products) up to 5 kg, and are double-pan balances.

Question 3

compounding slab

Accepted Answer

A plate made of ground glass with a hard, flat, and
nonabsorbent surface for mixing
compounds.

Question 4

conical graduates

Accepted Answer

have wide tops and bases, and taper from the top to
the bottom (resembling a cone shape).

Question 5

cylindrical graduates

Accepted Answer

have narrow diameters that are the
same from top to base. They are more accurate than conical graduates.

Question 6

electronic balance

Accepted Answer

An instrument used to electronically weigh small amounts of drugs where the measurement is
revealed on a digital screen.

Question 7

elixir

Accepted Answer

Sweetend liquid containing
alcohol and water.

Question 8

emulsion

Accepted Answer

A suspension containing two diﬀerent liquids and an agent that holds them together.

Question 9

extemporaneous compounding

Accepted Answer

preparation, mixing, assembling, packaging, and labeling of a drug product based on a prescription order from a licensed practitioner for the individual patient.

Question 10

geometric dilution

Accepted Answer

a method used in mixing the medicament with an equal amount of diluent. Gradually add more diluent, doubling the mixture each time, until it’s all mixed in.

Question 11

levigate

Accepted Answer

To grind into a smooth substance with moisture.

Question 12

meniscus (moon-shaped body)

Accepted Answer

indicates that the level of the liquid will be slightly higher at the edges.

Question 13

mortar

Accepted Answer

A cup-shaped vessel in which materials are ground or crushed

Question 14

pestle

Accepted Answer

solid device that is used to crush or grind materials in a mortar.

Question 15

pipette

Accepted Answer

long, thin, calibrated hollow tube, which is made of glass used for measuring liquids. (  < 1.5 mL )

Question 16

solution

Accepted Answer

liquid dosage form in which active ingredients are dissolved in a liquid vehicle.

Question 17

solvent

Accepted Answer

liquid substance in which
another substance is being dissolved.

Question 18

suspension

Accepted Answer

liquid dosage form that contains solid drug particles floating in a liquid medium.

Question 19

tablet triturate

Accepted Answer

Solid, small, and usually cylindrically molded or compressed tablets.

Question 20

tare

Accepted Answer

weight of an empty capsule used to compare with the full capsule.

Question 21

triturate

Accepted Answer

To reduce to a fine powder by friction

Question 22

spatulas

Accepted Answer

transfer solids to weighing pans and mix compounds on ointment slabs. They’re made of stainless steel, plastic, or hard rubber and must be clean with indented edges.

Question 23

weights

Accepted Answer

Use good-quality, corrosion-resistant weights (e.g., brass). Handle with forceps; avoid dropping or touching them, as oils can affect accuracy. Store properly. Metric weights go in front; apothecary weights in back.

Question 24

Heat guns

Accepted Answer

Shrink bands onto vials by directing heat around the band; can also dry tablets.

Question 25

Hot plates

Accepted Answer

Quickly heat substances on ceramic or aluminum surfaces; some have automatic stirring. Used to melt cocoa butter and other bases for ointments or suppositories.

Question 26

Heat sealers

Accepted Answer

commonly used to seal packages without damaging the chemicals, drugs, or other substances that these packages contain.

Question 27

Crimpers

Accepted Answer

commonly used to seal vials and other containers. Also, some crimpers are designed to be able to be used as decappers.

Question 28

Decappers

Accepted Answer

used to remove seals placed onto vials and other containers.

Question 29

Tablet molds

Accepted Answer

Metal molds shape moistened powder into tablets, which are pressed out and left to dry.

Question 30

Suppository molds

Accepted Answer

Aluminum, plastic, or rubber molds shape 1–2.5 g suppositories. Plastic or rubber molds are useful for refrigeration and make firm suppositories easy to remove.

Question 31

Beakers

Accepted Answer

Straight-sided, flat-bottomed containers (usually glass or plastic) used to hold, mix, and melt substances.

Question 32

Beaker tongs

Accepted Answer

Stainless-steel tongs used to safely lift beakers onto or off hot surfaces.

Question 33

Ointments

Accepted Answer

oil-based

Question 34

Creams

Accepted Answer

used topically, and are combinations of oil with water.
And thicker than lotions.

Question 35

Pastes

Accepted Answer

External-use products with more solids than creams or ointments. They don’t soften at body temperature and are made like ointments.

Question 36

Gels

Accepted Answer

semisolid products applied to the skin. They can work locally, penetrate the skin, or deliver medicine into the bloodstream.

Question 37

Semisolid drugs

Accepted Answer

Ointments, creams, pastes, and gels

Question 38

Solid drugs

Accepted Answer

Capsules, tablets, and powders.

Question 39

Powders

Accepted Answer

used when a drug’s stability or solubility is a concern, or when it’s too bulky for capsules or hard to swallow. Mix powders by grinding, stirring, or sifting.

Terms

Terms and Equipment in Pharmacology

Term	Definition
Class A prescription balance	a two-pan device that may be used for weighing small amounts of drugs, not more than 120 grams.
counter balance	capable of weighing larger quantities (such as bulk products) up to 5 kg, and are double-pan balances.
compounding slab	A plate made of ground glass with a hard, flat, and nonabsorbent surface for mixing compounds.
conical graduates	have wide tops and bases, and taper from the top to the bottom (resembling a cone shape).
cylindrical graduates	have narrow diameters that are the same from top to base. They are more accurate than conical graduates.
electronic balance	An instrument used to electronically weigh small amounts of drugs where the measurement is revealed on a digital screen.
elixir	Sweetend liquid containing alcohol and water.
emulsion	A suspension containing two diﬀerent liquids and an agent that holds them together.
extemporaneous compounding	preparation, mixing, assembling, packaging, and labeling of a drug product based on a prescription order from a licensed practitioner for the individual patient.
geometric dilution	a method used in mixing the medicament with an equal amount of diluent. Gradually add more diluent, doubling the mixture each time, until it’s all mixed in.
levigate	To grind into a smooth substance with moisture.
meniscus (moon-shaped body)	indicates that the level of the liquid will be slightly higher at the edges.
mortar	A cup-shaped vessel in which materials are ground or crushed
pestle	solid device that is used to crush or grind materials in a mortar.
pipette	long, thin, calibrated hollow tube, which is made of glass used for measuring liquids. ( < 1.5 mL )
solution	liquid dosage form in which active ingredients are dissolved in a liquid vehicle.
solvent	liquid substance in which another substance is being dissolved.
suspension	liquid dosage form that contains solid drug particles floating in a liquid medium.
tablet triturate	Solid, small, and usually cylindrically molded or compressed tablets.
tare	weight of an empty capsule used to compare with the full capsule.
triturate	To reduce to a fine powder by friction
spatulas	transfer solids to weighing pans and mix compounds on ointment slabs. They’re made of stainless steel, plastic, or hard rubber and must be clean with indented edges.
weights	Use good-quality, corrosion-resistant weights (e.g., brass). Handle with forceps; avoid dropping or touching them, as oils can affect accuracy. Store properly. Metric weights go in front; apothecary weights in back.
Heat guns	Shrink bands onto vials by directing heat around the band; can also dry tablets.
Hot plates	Quickly heat substances on ceramic or aluminum surfaces; some have automatic stirring. Used to melt cocoa butter and other bases for ointments or suppositories.
Heat sealers	commonly used to seal packages without damaging the chemicals, drugs, or other substances that these packages contain.
Crimpers	commonly used to seal vials and other containers. Also, some crimpers are designed to be able to be used as decappers.
Decappers	used to remove seals placed onto vials and other containers.
Tablet molds	Metal molds shape moistened powder into tablets, which are pressed out and left to dry.
Suppository molds	Aluminum, plastic, or rubber molds shape 1–2.5 g suppositories. Plastic or rubber molds are useful for refrigeration and make firm suppositories easy to remove.
Beakers	Straight-sided, flat-bottomed containers (usually glass or plastic) used to hold, mix, and melt substances.
Beaker tongs	Stainless-steel tongs used to safely lift beakers onto or off hot surfaces.
Ointments	oil-based
Creams	used topically, and are combinations of oil with water. And thicker than lotions.
Pastes	External-use products with more solids than creams or ointments. They don’t soften at body temperature and are made like ointments.
Gels	semisolid products applied to the skin. They can work locally, penetrate the skin, or deliver medicine into the bloodstream.
Semisolid drugs	Ointments, creams, pastes, and gels
Solid drugs	Capsules, tablets, and powders.
Powders	used when a drug’s stability or solubility is a concern, or when it’s too bulky for capsules or hard to swallow. Mix powders by grinding, stirring, or sifting.

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