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Drug List 12
Cardiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cordarone | amiodarone |
| Taztia XL | diltiazem |
| Isoptin SR | verapamil SR |
| Prinivil | lisinopril |
| Vasotec | enalapril |
| Lotensin | benazepril |
| Monopril | fosinopril |
| cozaar | losartan |
| Diovan | valsartan |
| Coreg | carvedilol |
| Inderal | propranolol |
| Tenormin | atenolol |
| Lopressor | metoprolol tartrate |
| Toprol XL | metoprolol succinate |
| Calan SR | verapamil SR |
| Intuniv ER | guanfacine (ER) |
| Adalat CC | nifedipine ER |
| Norvasc | amlodipine |
| Cardizem | diltiazem |
| Zestoretic | lisinopril and hydrochlorthiazide |
| Hyzaar | losartan and hydrochlorothiazide |
| Lotrel | amlodipine and benazepril |
| Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps | digoxin |
| Imdur | isosorbide mononitrate ER |
| Nitrostat | nitroglycerin |
| Apresoline | hydralazine |
| Catapres | clonidine |
| Tenex | guanfacine |
| Zestril | lisinopril |
| Covera HS | verapamil SR |
| Procardia XL | nifedipine ER |
| Cartia XT | diltiazem |
| Ismo | isosorbide mononitrate ER |
| Ecotrin | aspirin |
| Plavix | clopidogrel |
| Coumadin | warfarin |
| Xarelto | rivaroxaban |
| Eliquis | apixaban |
| Lovaza | omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| Zetia | ezetimibe |
| Lopid | gemfibrozil |
| TriCor | fenofibrate |
| Crestor | rosuvastatin |
| Lipitor | atorvastatin |
| Pravachol | pravastatin |
| Zocor | simvastatin |
| Tachycardia | Fast HR |
| Bradycardia | Slow HR |
| Antiarrhythmic Drug Classes | Calcium /Sodium/Beta/Potassium blockers |
| Sodium Blockers | Slows movement of Na+ ions: less myocardial contractions |
| Beta Blockers (BBs) | Lowers HR, don’t D/C abruptly (arrhythmias), SE: HA/DZ/masks Hypoglycemia in diabetics |
| BB Drugs | Propranolol & Metoprolol |
| Preferred BB | Metoprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL) |
| Potassium Blockers | Blocks K+ ions: delays repolarisation |
| Potassium Blocker Drug | Amiodarone (Cordarone) |
| Amiodarone BBW | Only for life threatening arrhythmias, risk of toxicity |
| Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) | Used for tachyarrhythmias, SE: Constipation |
| CCB Drugs | Amlodipine, nifedipine ER, diltiazem |
| Other Antiarrhythmic | Digoxin (Lanoxicaps/Lanoxin) |
| Digoxin | Treats atrial flutter/fibrillation/CHF, sourced from Foxglove |
| Digoxin Dispensing Issues | Toxicity, N/V/arrhythmias/visual changes |
| Digoxin Antidote | Digoxin immune Fab (digibind) |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) | Heart pumps less than received, blood pools, leads to death from damage |
| CHF Drug Classes | BBs, Digoxin, ACEIs, ARBs, Vasodilator, SARAs, Loop diuretics |
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) | Lowers BP & stress on heart |
| ACE Inhibitor SE | Dry cough, initial DZ, angioedema |
| ACE Inhibitor Dispensing Issues | Stand slow: hypotension, avoid potassium, 1 hr b4 eat |
| ACEI Drugs | -pril |
| ARB Drugs | -sartan |
| Beta Blocker Drugs | -lol/-olol |
| Alpha Blocker Drugs | -azosin |
| Statin Drugs | -statin |
| CCB Drugs | -dipine |
| Oral Anticoagulant Agents | -xaban |
| Injectable Anticoagulant Agents | -parin |
| Antiplatelet Drugs | -grel |
| Post MI treatment | BBs, BBW: don’t abrupt D/C: arrhythmias |
| Carvedilol (Coreg) | Mild to mod CHF, take with food |
| Angina Pectoris | Chest pain, imbalance of oxygen supply/demand |
| Angina Treatment | *BBs*, nitrates, CCBs, metabolic modulators |
| Nitrates | Most common drug class for angina, relaxes smooth muscles |
| Nitrate Drugs | Isosorbide mononitrate ER, nitroglycerin |
| Nitroglycerin | Acute attacks, patch 12 hours on:12 off, causes HA/flushing |
| Nitrate Issues | Avoid use w/ erectile dysfunction rx |
| Angiotensin II-Receptor Blockers (ARBs) | Works as well & more tolerated than ACEI, less cough |
| Thiazide diuretics | First line therapy for HTN |
| Eplerenone (Inspra) | Selective Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist(SARA), diuretic, lowers sodium/BP |
| Centrally Alpha Agonist Agent | Clonidine (PO/Topical/IV), guanfacine |
| Vasodilator | Hydralazine |
| HTN Combo Drug | Better compliance, less SE, costs more, less available |
| Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) | Immediate release, preferred for arrhythmias |
| Metoprolol succinate (Toprol) | Extended release, preferred for CHF |
| Anticoagulant | Prevents new blood clots forming |
| Renin Inhibitor | Don’t combine with ACEI/ARB |
| Myocardial Infraction (MI) | Heart attack |
| Warfarin (Coumadin) | NTI, frequent blood test, prevents new clots via reduce vit K, avoid ASA/NSAID |
| Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) | Prevents Afib clots, DVT/PE, no blood test, less rx interactions, Andexxa antidote |
| Heparin | Inhibits thrombin, doesn’t cross placenta, DVT prophylaxis, SE: thrombocytopenia |
| Stroke | Interruption of oxygen supply, leading to brain damage |
| MI treatment | ASA, anti platelet/thrombo, BB, ACEI, statins |
| Clopidogrel (plavix) | Antiplatelet class, SE: bleeding, used for MI/stroke prevention |
| Alteplase (activase/cathflo) | Fribinolytic agent, dissolves existing thrombi |
| Statins | Inhibits enzyme from creating cholesterol, SE: GI/HA, BBW: muscle pain/weak report to MD, take at night, avoid grapefruit |
| Simvastatin (zocor) | Take w/ meals, most prone to rx interactions |
| Atorvastatin (Lipitor) | Most common rx, lowers LDL significantly & triglycerides |
| Fenofibrate (tricor) | Fibrate:reduces VLDL/LDL, SE: GI, take w/ food |
| Femfibrozil (lopid) | Fibrate:reduces VLDL/LDL, take 30 min b4 food, contact MD for muscle pain |
| Cholestyramine (questran) | Bile acid sequestrant, prevents reabsorption, 30 min b4 food, other rx 1 hr b4 |
| PCSK9 Inhibitor | Evolocumab: SubQ, monoclonal antibodies to clear LDL |
| Niacins | Hyperlipidemia, causes flushing: take ASA/antihistamine/NSAID |
| Ezetimibe (Zetia) | Hyperlipidemia |
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