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Pharm #2 Nebs HCCRT
Nebulizers for Aerosol Therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| particles of water or liquid suspended in a gas | aerosol |
| the size of the particles determine how far they can be inhaled into the airway | particle size |
| used to deliver aerosolized medications to the patients airway | nebulizer |
| what has smaller particle sizes then the standard SVN | MDI |
| useful to tx nasal and oral areas | >10 |
| most particles go to central airways | 5 to 10 microns |
| overall lower respiratory tract (large airways to periphery). Most bronchoactive agents work here | 2-5 microns |
| increased delivery to lung parenchyma, incl. terminal airways and alveoli. | 0.8-3.0 microns |
| density, viscosity and surface tension are characteristics of what | solution |
| pneumatic and ultrasonic are examples of what | nebulizers |
| jet neb is most common, uses Bernoulli principle, requires a source of gas flow | pneumatic |
| electricity creates sound waves that convert liquid inot droplets | ultrasonic |
| when the forward velocity of a gas increases | bernoulli principle |
| lateral pressure decreases | bernoulli principle |
| the forward pressure increases | bernoulli principle |
| by creating a restriction in the flow of gas, the veolcity and forward pressure increase and the lateral pressure decreases | bernoulli principle |
| decreases in lateral wall pressure to shatter fluid particles at the point where the gas flow exists constriction | pneumatic nebulizers |
| lateral pressure around gas stream decreases below atmospheric, fluid is drawn up capillary tube and reaches the gas stream, dead volume not nebulized | pneumatic neb |
| used to shatter fluid particles to decrease the size | baffle |
| can include a fluid surface, sides of the aerosol generatot or a structure placed in front of the gas stream | baffle |
| gas flow interacts with solution prior to leaving exit port | internal mixing design |
| the gas solution interact after both leaves the nozzle | internal mixing design |
| neb built in | main stream neb |
| t- piece and corregated tubing as resevoir in common set up of what | nebulizer |
| decrease amount of aerosol lost during expiration phase | enhanced neb performance |
| collect aerosol during exhalation | reservoir bags |
| increase neb. output during inspiratory phase | breath-enhanced neb. ( vented) |
| caputures aerosol during expiratory phase | reservoir bags |
| captured aerosol is inhaled during inspiratory phase | reservoir bags |
| prevents exhaled gas from entering the bag | circulair |
| some exhaled gas enters the bag | aero tee |
| one way valve to prevent exhaled gas from filling the resevoir bag | circulair |
| inspiratory / expiratory resisitor | circulair |
| aerosol produced during exhalation for delivery on subsequent inhalation | aero tee |
| provides 50% more aerosol to the patient than a standard neb. tee with a 6in. resevoir tube | aero tee |
| no effect on particle size generated by neb | aero tee |
| cost effective, simple to use, requires no adjustements | aero tee |
| enhances neb. output | breath inhanced neb. (vented) |
| pari neb | breath enhanced neb (vented) |
| mainstream design with valves | breath enhanced neb (vented) |
| patient breaths through the neb during INSPIRATION | breath enhanced neb (vented) |
| inlet vent closes on exhalation | pari neb |
| aerosol exits via one-way valve on mouthpiece | pari neb |
| increases inhaled dose up to 50% | pari neb |
| no increase in treatment time | pari neb |
| synchronizes aerosol generation with inspiration | breath - actuated neb |
| increases amount of drug available up to fourfold | breath - actuated neb |
| amount of drug inhaled about the same each breath | breath - acuated neb |
| used for certain medicines were none can be wasted | aero-eclipse breath acuated neb |
| turns off when exhaling | aero-eclipse breath acuated neb |
| high output extended aerosol resp. therapy | HEART neb. |
| large volume neb | HEART neb |
| aerosol production for 4 hours | HEART neb |
| runs at a flow of 10-15 l/min | HEART neb |
| piezolectric transduced | ultrasonic neb USN |
| vibrates at high frequency | Ultrasonic Neb |
| converts electricity to sound waves | Ultrasonic Neb |
| creates waves in liquid above transducer | ulatrasonic neb |
| disrupting liquids surface | ulatrsonic neb |
| forms a geyser of droplets | ultrasonic neb |
| an electrical charge is applied intermittently (at high frequency vibrations) to a substance that has a piezoelectric quailty | principles of ulatrasonic neb |
| the ability to change shape when a charge is applied to it | principles of ultrasonic neb |
| curved focusing, flat, and shielded are examples of | piezolectric transducers |
| lower output than curved, does not require specific water level, output 0-3 ml/min | flat transducer |
| breaks up aerosol to greater degree, requires controlled water level, output 0-6 ml/min | curved focusing transducer |
| 3 compontents power unit, piezolectric transducer, fan or patient inspritation | USN |
| medicine placed directly into transducer | USN |
| medicine placed in neb chamber with water used as a couplant to transfer sound waves | USN |
| determined by amplitude of the signal, strength of the sound wave | output |
| can be adjusted by user | output |
| alters number of particles produced | output |
| can produce densities as high as 500 mg/l (10 times more then needed for normal body conditions) | output |
| determined by frequency of elctrical energy | particle size |
| cannot be adjusted by user | particles size |
| differnt nebs may operate on different frequencies | particle size |
| usually used for bland aerosol therapy | large vol USN |
| sputum induction | Large vol neb |
| has air blower to carry mist to patient | large vol neb |
| temperature of a solution may increase( as much as 15 degrees C over 15 minutes)(drug concentration also rises) | large vol neb |
| filled with water ( helps absorb mechanical heat produced) | coupling chamber |
| acts to transfer medium for sound waves to the neb chamber | coupling chamber |
| solution may be placed in medication cup or directly onto the transducer | small volume neb |
| battery power source | small vol neb |
| patient inspiration carries aerosol | small vol neb |
| may clear aerosol during exhalation (better to divert exhalation, min waste of meds, more drug available on inspiration) | small vol neb |
| convienient for travel | lumiscope USN |
| high operating speed | lumiscope USN |
| electrical outlet, car cig. lighter, rechargeable battery are 3 power sources for | lumiscope USN |
| treatment delivered with in 6 min | mabismist USN |
| less then 1 pound | mabismist USN |
| 90% particles with in 1-5 micron in diameter | mabismist USN |
| weighs 8 oz. | omron portable USN |
| 98% medication delivery | Omron portable USN |
| 4 AA batteries or AC | Omron portable USN |
| particles 1-7 microns | Omron portable USN |
| 4 times a day | QID |
| 3 times a day | TID |
| 2 times a day | BID |
| every other day | QOD |
| every day | QDq |
| every 4 hours | Q4H |
| every 2 hours | Q2H |
| what drug must a patient spit / rinse mouth after | corstasteriod |
| can create candida slbicans thrush | corstasteriod |
| 5-10& saline | hypertonic saline |
Created by:
learouse
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