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Chapter 6 - Exam 2

PSYC 305

QuestionAnswer
what is descriptive research? describes what is happening
what is experimental research? explores why a phenomenon occurs
what is parental discipline? any action intended to change a child's behavior
what is behavioral observation? relies on directly seeing or witnessing behavior as it occurs
what is laboratory observation? the researcher witnesses and systematically records behaviors as they occur in a controlled setting
what is ecological validity? research situation recreates the psychological experiences that participants would have in real life
what is participant observation? the researcher actively interacts with those being studied while systematically recording their behavior
what is naturalistic observation? the researcher witnesses and systematically records behaviors as they occur in their original, unaltered setting, without interfering in any way
what is reactivity? individuals alter their performance or behavior due to the awareness that they are under observation
what is non concealed observation? collection technique in which participants know that their behaviors are being recorded
what is concealed observation? an observational data collection technique in which participants do not know that their behaviors are being recorded
what is tantrum? emotional outburst that typically includes crying, screaming, shouting, and/or physical behaviors such as hitting and stomping, as well as defiance
what is coding system? set of rules to help guide how a researcher classifies and records behaviors under observation
what is duration recording? documenting the length of time a behavior occurs, or the time elapsed between behaviors
what is frequency-count recording? documenting each time a target behavior occurs
what is observation schedule? a paper-and-pencil or electronic form in which observers note the particulars of the behavior or phenomenon they observe
what is blind observation? observers are trained to look for particular behaviors, but are uninformed about the overall purpose or hypothesis of the investigation
what is intra-observer reliability? consistency of a single observer's own codings across time and situations
what is pilot testing? trial run used to test and refine the design, methods, and instruments of a study prior to carrying out the actual research
what is inter-observer reliability? level of agreement between two observers' coding of the same phenomenon
what is contrived observation? the researcher artificially introduces a variable of interest and unobtrusively records what happens
what is preregistration? publicly sharing your hypotheses, variable definitions, methods, and planned data analyses on an open science website before colleting your data
what is descriptive statistics? statistics that describe or summarize quantitative data in meaningful ways
what are categorical variables? variable that can be classified into two or more distinct groupings
what is continous variables? variable that can take infinite number of different values between two given endpoints
what is frequency distribution? summary of how often the individual values or ranges of values for a variable occur
what is mean? the sum of collection of numbers, then dividing by how many there are
what is median? value found at the exact middle of a set of scores, once ordered from smallest to largest
what is mode? the most frequently occuring value in a set of scores
what is cohen's kappa coefficient? statistical measure of inter-observer agreement between two observers for categorical items
Created by: anaelc
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