Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 4 - Exam 2
PSYC 305
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does nonexperimental designs answer? | "what", "who", "how much", and "how often" |
| what are nonexperimental designs? | the researcher doesn't change or manipulate any variables and only measures or assesses them |
| what does experimental designs answer? | "why" questions |
| what are experimental designs? | the researcher deliberately changes or manipulates at least one variable |
| what is a true experiment? | the researcher manipulates ALL of the independent variables |
| what are quasi-experimental designs? | design where random assignment can't be used |
| what are self-reports? | technique that directly asks the participant how they think or feel |
| what is social desirability? | tendency for respondents to give answers that make them look good |
| what is demand characteristics? | cue that makes participants potentially aware of what the experimenter expects |
| what is retrospective bias? | when participants view or interpret past events in an inaccurate way |
| what is a behavioral measure? | measure of participants' actions in a research design: what people actually do, rather than what they say |
| what is behavioral trace? | measure that relies on evidence left behind by a person who is no longer present |
| what is behavioral observation? | measure that relies on directly seeing or observing behavior as it occurs |
| what is behavioral choice? | measure involving participants making a purposeful selection from several options |
| what is raw score? | actual score a participant receives, made up of both a true score and error |
| what is true score? | what your score would be if the test were a perfect measure, completely uninfluenced by an extraneous factor |
| what is error? | extraneous influences that cause the raw score to deviate (up or down) from the true score |
| what is random error? | variation from the true score due to unsystematic or chance factors that occur in a haphazard, unpredictable way |
| what is bias? | error that consistently pushes scores in a given direction |
| what is standardization? | keeping the experimental situation the same for everyone, and as free from variation as possible |
| what is observer/scorer bias? | misinterpreting an observation based on the researcher's existing beliefs, previous experiences, or expectations |
| what is sensitivity? | the range of data a researcher can gather from a particular instrument |
| what is ceiling effect? | occurs when a scale's upper boundary is set too low, so most people pile up at the highest response |
| what is floor effect? | the lower boundary is set too high, so most responses cluster at the lowest option |
| what is reliability? | stability or consistency of a measure |
| what is validity? | degree to which a tool measures what it claims to measure |
| what is population? | the entire group of interest |
| what is sample? | the subset of the population from which the researcher actually collects data |
| what is a representative sample? | sample that shares the specific characteristic of the population you want to study |
| what is probability sampling? | everyone in a given population has an equal chance of selection for participation |
| what is stratified random sampling? | dividing the population into strata, then using simple random sampling within each stratum, proportional to the population |
| what is cluster random sampling? | dividing the population into groups, then use simple random sampling to select which ENTIRE clusters participate |
| what is nonprobability sampling? | approach in which everyone in the population does NOT have an equal chance of being sampled, creating a bias in your sample |
| what is convenience sampling? | nonrandomly recruiting participants from a known, readily available population |
| what is quota sampling? | researchers decide ahead of time on what they want their sample to hold |
| what is purposive sampling? | researcher chooses the sample based on who they believe is appropriate for the study |
| what is snowball sampling? | existing study participants recruit future participants from among their own acquaintances |
| what is nonresponse bias? | potential difference between those who refused to participate in a study and those who actually participated |
Created by:
anaelc
Popular Psychology sets