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Chapter 23

TermDefinition
Nephron Working unit of the kidney. Millions per kidney. They run all day.
GFR Glomerular filtration rate. Chronic kidney disease stages are based on it.
Chronic kidney disease Slow loss of kidney function. Diabetes and high blood pressure lead the causes.
Dialysis Artificial filter when the kidney can no longer clear waste. Hemodialysis or peritoneal.
Phosphate binder Taken with meals so food phosphorus is not absorbed. CKD.
Cystitis Bladder infection. Burning, urgency, frequency.
Pyelonephritis Kidney infection. Fever, chills, flank pain. Not a leftover-pill problem.
Edema Extra fluid in the tissue. Heart failure and high pressure are common drivers.
Furosemide (Lasix) Loop diuretic. Strong fluid pull. Loses potassium. Morning dose.
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Thiazide diuretic. Milder. Also loses potassium.
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Potassium-sparing diuretic. Holds potassium. Do not stack extra K.
Tamsulosin (Flomax) Alpha blocker. Relaxes the ureter so a kidney stone can pass.
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Uric acid stones, and gout. Often with potassium citrate.
Potassium citrate Makes urine less acidic. Helps prevent some stones.
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) Everyday UTI antibiotic. Finish the bottle.
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) Everyday UTI antibiotic. Also called TMP-SMX.
Cephalexin (Keflex) Antibiotic also used for UTI.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Antibiotic for more complicated urinary infections.
Fluconazole (Diflucan) Fungal infection. Not an antibiotic.
Doxycycline Some sexually transmitted infections. Separate from calcium and iron.
Oxybutynin (Ditropan) Urge incontinence. Dry mouth. Caffeine and alcohol make urge worse.
Stress incontinence A cough or sneeze pushes urine out. Kegels first.
Urge incontinence A sudden need before they reach the bathroom.
Lisinopril ACE inhibitor. Pressure control that also protects the kidney.
Created by: tomknoah
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