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APC III TOSCE Drugs
APC III TOSCE Possible Medications
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Key Side Effects | US Boxed Warnings | US Boxed Warnings Cont. | Other Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lisinopril (PO) | Prinivil, Zestril | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor | Hypertension (HTN), Heart Failure (HF), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Cough, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema, Hypotension | Fetal Toxicity (CI in Pregnancy) | |||
| Amlodipine (PO) | Norvasc | Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) | Hyptertension (HTN), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Peripheral Edema, Hypotension | ||||
| Metoprolol Tartrate (PO, IV) | Lopressor | Beta 1-Selective Beta-Blocker | Atrial Fibrillation (AF) (Rate Control), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Hypertension (HTN) | Bradycardia, Hypotension | Avoid Abrupt Discontinuation | Masks Symptoms of Hypoglycemia | ||
| Metoprolol Succinate (PO) | Toprol-XL | Beta 1-Selective Beta-Blocker | Heart Failure (HF), Atrial Fibrillation (AF) (Rate Control), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Hypertension (HTN) | Bradycardia, Hypotension | Masks Symptoms of Hypoglycemia | |||
| Hydralazine (PO, IV) | Apresoline | Direct Arterial Vasodilator | Hypertension (HTN) | Hypotension, Drug-Induced Lupus-Like Syndrome | CI in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | |||
| Rivaroxaban (PO) | Xarelto | Anticoagulant, Factor Xa Inhibitor | Atrial Fibrillation (AF) (Stroke Prevention), Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Peripheral Artial Disease (PAD) | Bleeding | Premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events; Increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture | |||
| Atorvastatin (PO) | Lipitor | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor | Dyslipidemia, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Stroke | Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis | Avoid excessive grapfruit juice intake, avoid in pregnancy & breastfeeding | |||
| Cefdinir (PO) | Omnicef | Beta-Lactam Antibiotic (3rd Generation Cephalosporin) | Otitis Media, Bacterial Sinusitis Activity Against: Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus Influenzae | Diarrhea, Hypersensitivity Reactions | ||||
| Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim (PO, IV) | Bactrim, Bactrim DS | Sulfonamide Antibiotic | Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI), Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis Activity Against: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Enterobacteriaceae | Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Skin Rashes (Rarely Stevens-Johnson Syndrome [SJS] or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis [TEN]), Photosensitivity, Crystalluria, Hyperkalemia, Increased Serum Creatinine, Hypersensitivity Reactions | ||||
| Ibuprofen (PO) | Motrin, Advil | OTC | Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) | Osteoarthritis (OA), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Acute Pain | Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Abdominal Pain, Flatulence, Nausea | May increase the risk of serious (& potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI (Myocardial Infarction), & Stroke; May increase the risk for serious (& potentially fatal) GI adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, & perforation | May reduce renal blood flow & compromise existing renal function (Avoid in patients with renal disease, heart failure, & cirrhosis) | |
| Metformin (PO) | Fortamet, Glumetza, Riomet | Biguanide | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) | Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Lactic Acidosis | CI with eGFR <30 | ||
| Levothyroxine (PO, IV) | Synthroid, Levoxyl, Unithroid | Thyroid Product | Hypothyroidism | Weight Loss, Palpitations, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Heat Intolerance | Not intended for use for weight loss | Narrow therapeutic index drug (therapeutic monitoring is recommended; Not all generic products are therapeutically equivalent | ||
| Fluoxetine (PO) | Prozac | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) | Drowsiness, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting, Xerotstomia, Sexual Dysfunction, Headache, Diaphoresis | Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, & young adults | CI within 14 days of MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor); Do not discontinue abruptly (All except Fluoxetine) | ||
| Escitalopram (PO) | Lexapro | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) | Drowsiness, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting, Xerotstomia, Sexual Dysfunction, Headache, Diaphoresis | Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, & young adults | CI within 14 days of MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor); Do not discontinue abruptly (All except Fluoxetine) | ||
| Methylphenidate (PO, Transdermal) | PO: Concerta, Ritalin Patch: Daytrana | CS-II | CNS (Central Nervous System) Stimulant | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Narcolepsy | Insomnia, Headache, Anxiety, Weight Loss, Decreased Appetite, Hypertension | High Potential for Abuse | CI within 14 days of MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) | |
| Dexmethylphenidate (PO) | Focalin, Focalin XR | CS-II | CNS (Central Nervous System) Stimulant | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Insomnia, Headache, Anxiety, Weight Loss, Decreased Appetite, Hypertension | High Potential for Abuse | CI within 14 days of MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) | |
| Carbamazepine (PO) | Tegretol | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Bipolar Disorder | Dizziness, Drowsiness, Headache, Ataxia, Nausea, Vomiting, Hyponatremia | Risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS [Stevens-Johnson Syndrome] & TEN [Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]) in patients with certain genetic predisposition; May cause aplastic anemia & agranulocytosis | |||
| Gabapentin (PO) | Neurontin | Anticonvulsant | Seizure Disorders, Neuropathic Pain | Somnolence, Dizziness, Ataxia, Fatigue, Diplopia, Xerostomia, Blurry Vision, Peripheral Edema, Weight Gain | ||||
| Clonazepam (PO) | Klonopin | CS-IV | Benzodiazepine | Anxiety, Seizure Disorders | Daytime Sedation, Performance Impairment, Tolerance, Dependence, Anterograde Amnesia, Withdrawal, Dizziness, Ataxia | Risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma & death with opioids; Risk of abuse, misuse, & addiction; Risk of dependence & withdrawal reactions | ||
| Acetaminophen (PO, PR [Per Rectum], IV) | PO/PR: Tylenol IV: Ofirmev | PO, PR: OTC | Analgesic (Non-Opioid), Antipyretic | Pain, Fever | Nausea, Vomiting, Increased Hepatic Transaminases | Total daily dose from all sources should not exceed maximum daily limit; Hepatotoxicity | ||
| Acetaminophen/Codeine (PO) | Tylenol with Codeine #3, Tylenol with Codeine #4 | CS-III | Opioid and Non-Opioid Analgesic Combination | Pain | Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Pruritus, Respiratory Depression (Dose-Related) | Risk of opioid addiction, abuse, & misuse which can lead to overdose & death; Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur; Accidental ingestion may result in fatal overdose; Prolonged use in pregnancy may result in neonatal opioid | withdrawal syndrome; Abrupt discontinuation may result in serious opioid-induced withdrawal syndrome; concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or CNS depressants (including alcohol) may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, & | death; Concomitant use or discontinuation of CYP3A4 inducers, 3A4 or 2D6 inhibitors requires careful consideration; Respiratory depression & death in children after tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy who are ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine: Hepatotoxicity |
Created by:
nataliemvo
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