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Chapter 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hypertension | Persistent high blood pressure. Often called the silent killer because there are usually no symptoms. Textbook line in this chapter is systolic over 140. |
| Hypotension | Blood pressure that is too low. Orthostatic hypotension is a drop when standing up quickly, causing dizziness or fainting. |
| ACE inhibitor | Ends in -pril. Blocks the enzyme that makes angiotensin II, so vessels widen and pressure falls. Dry cough is the classic side effect. |
| ARB - Angiotensin II receptor blocker | Ends in -sartan. Lowers pressure by blocking angiotensin II at the receptor. |
| Beta-blocker | Ends in -olol. Blocks epinephrine and norepinephrine so the heart slows and works less hard. |
| Calcium channel blocker | Reduces calcium entry into heart and vessel muscle. Vessels relax and pressure falls. |
| Diuretic | Water pill. Removes extra fluid and sodium so blood volume and pressure fall. |
| Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil) | ACE inhibitor. Common first blood-pressure drug. Watch for dry cough. |
| Losartan (Cozaar) | ARB. Used when an ACE inhibitor is not tolerated. |
| Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) | Beta-blocker. Slows heart rate and lowers blood pressure. Also used after a heart attack. |
| Amlodipine (Norvasc) | Calcium channel blocker. Relaxes vessels. The everyday C in ABCD. |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) | Thiazide diuretic. Often a first blood-pressure pill. Loses potassium in the urine. |
| Furosemide (Lasix) | Loop diuretic. Strong fluid pull for heart-failure edema. Loses potassium. |
| Spironolactone (Aldactone) | Potassium-sparing diuretic. Blocks aldosterone. Holds onto potassium. |
| Hyperlipidemia | Too much fat in the blood. Leads to plaque in arteries. Total cholesterol under 200 mg/dL is the goal line in this chapter. |
| LDL — Low-density lipoprotein. | The "bad" cholesterol that builds plaque. |
| HDL — High-density lipoprotein. | The "good" cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol. |
| Atorvastatin (Lipitor) | Statin. Lowers LDL. Counsel on unexplained muscle pain and grapefruit with some statins. |
| Angina pectoris | Chest pain from a heart muscle short on oxygen. Classic angina comes with activity and eases with rest. |
| Nitroglycerin (NitroStat) | Fast relief for angina under the tongue. Keep in the original bottle. Do not mix with erectile-dysfunction drugs. |
| Myocardial infarction | Heart attack. A clot fully blocks a coronary artery and that part of the heart muscle dies. |
| Thrombus | A clot stuck in a vessel. An embolus is a piece that breaks off and travels. |
| Clopidogrel (Plavix) | Antiplatelet. Makes platelets less sticky. Used to prevent clots after a vascular event. |
| Warfarin (Coumadin) | Anticoagulant. Blocks vitamin K clotting factors. Needs INR checks. Leafy greens matter. |
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) | Cardiac glycoside for heart failure. Strengthens the squeeze. Low potassium plus digoxin is a dangerous pair. |
Created by:
tomknoah
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