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Chapter 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Osteoarthritis | Worn cartilage so bone rubs bone. Knees, hips, spine, hands, and feet. No cure; treatment slows it and treats pain. |
| Osteoporosis | Low bone mass and brittle bone. The danger is fracture. Common after menopause. |
| Gout | Arthritis from uric acid crystals in a joint, often the big toe. Sudden and severe. |
| COX-1 | Enzyme that protects the stomach lining and helps platelets stick. Blocking it can cause ulcers and bleeding. |
| COX-2 | Enzyme at the site of injury. Blocking it reduces swelling and pain. |
| Analgesic | A drug that relieves pain. |
| Antipyretic | A drug that reduces fever. |
| Reye syndrome | Rare brain and liver injury linked to aspirin in children or teens during a viral illness. |
| Acetaminophen (Tylenol) | Pain and fever. Does not treat swelling or thin blood. Misuse is the most common cause of liver failure, often from combo products. |
| Aspirin | Pain, fever, and swelling. Also thins blood. Do not give to children because of Reye syndrome. |
| Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) | NSAID. Pain and swelling. Take with food. Watch stomach, kidneys, and bleeding. |
| Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) & Meloxicam (Mobic) | NSAID. Pain and swelling. Take with food. |
| Celecoxib (Celebrex) | COX-2 selective NSAID. Aims to spare the stomach. Still has heart risk. |
| Alendronate (Fosamax) | Weekly osteoporosis tablet. Full glass of water. Stay upright so it does not burn the esophagus. |
| Allopurinol (Zyloprim) | Gout prevention. Lowers uric acid. Not the drug for the acute attack. |
| Colchicine | Drug for an acute gout attack, along with an NSAID or a steroid burst |
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) | Skeletal muscle relaxant for spasm. Causes drowsiness. Avoid alcohol. |
| Methocarbamol (Robaxin) & Tizanidine (Zanaflex) | Skeletal muscle relaxant. Causes drowsiness. Avoid alcohol. |
| Carisoprodol (Soma) | Muscle relaxant. Schedule IV. Short-term only. Extra handling. |
| Hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Norco) | Opioid combo. Schedule II. No phone refills. Acetaminophen ceiling still applies. |
| Tramadol (Ultram) | Opioid-like pain drug. Schedule IV. Still controlled. |
| Succinylcholine | Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker used in surgery. Not a retail fill. Paralyzes skeletal muscle, including breathing muscle. |
| Methyl salicylate (Bengay, IcyHot) | Topical pain ingredient with menthol. Hot or cold distraction. Less stomach exposure than an oral NSAID. |
Created by:
tomknoah
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