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Unit 2 Test Review
Sensation & Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Sensation mean? | Taking in information using senses (the action of using 5 senses) |
| What does Perception have to do with Sensation? | It is the interpretation of that sense |
| Absolute Threshold | The weakest amount of stimulus that you can sense (50% of the time) |
| What is an example of a Absolute Threshold? | A teaspoon of sugar in a gallon of water |
| Signal Detection Theory | For some stimuli, there is no absolute threshold; can change due to factors like attention |
| Difference Threshold | The moment you recognize a change (minimum difference) between two stimuli (50% of the time) |
| What is an example of a Difference Threshold? | Smell of normal air and the second you begin to smell smoke |
| Weber's Law | The greater difference in a threshold, the greater the change |
| What is an example of Weber's Law? | Volume 20 to 19 (small); 20 to 10 (bigger) |
| Bottom Up Processing | React then think |
| What is an example of Bottom Up Processing? | Swat at the air and then see what it is |
| Top Down Processing | Think the React |
| The "Consistencies" AKA..... | Basic Understandings |
| What are the three consistencies? | Size, Shape, and Bright constancy |
| Describe Light | What we call light is just one part of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| What wavelengths can humans see? | 400-700nm |
| What are two eyesight problems? | Myopia & Hyperopia |
| Myopia | Nearsightedness |
| Hyperopia | Farsightedness |
| Rods | Help see in dim light & dark adaption |
| Cones | Color vision, daytime vision, & detail |
| Where are the cones? | Center of retina on the fovea |
| What does the Fovea do? | In charge of sharp vision |
| Trichromatic Theory | Receptors (cones) respond to three primary colors |
| What are the three primary colors? | Red, green, & blue |
| Receptors AKA..... | Cones |
| Opponent-Process Theory | We perceive color not as independent but as systems of paired opponents |
| What are the color opponents? | Red vs. green, yellow vs. blue, white vs. black |
| Dichromacy | Only two cone types are functional |
| What colors are people with Dichromacy not able to distinguish? | Red & Green |
| Monochromacy | None or only one type of cone receptor is functional |
| Hearing AKA..... | Audition |
| Amplitude | Height of a sound wave |
| Absolute threshold is how many decibels? | o db |
| How many decibels is a normal conversation? | 60 db |
| Hearing loss occurs above.... | 85 db |
| How many decibels is music w/ headphones? | 105 - 120 db |
| How many decibels will cause hearing loss in 5 minutes? | 100 db |
| People can hear between how many hertz? | 20 and 20,000 Hz |
| Elephants produce what kind of sounds? | Low frequency (infra sounds) from 1 to 20 Hz |
| How do Giraffes communicate? | They hum |
| Sound Localization | Where a sound is coming from |
| Cochlea (Basic) | Receptors for hearing |
| Cochlea (Complex) | Contains basilar membrane/hair cells that are connected to neurons attached to the auditory nerve |
| Conduction Deafness | The bones connected to the eardrum fail to transmit sound waves to the cochlea |
| Nerve Deafness | Results from damage to cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve |
| Vestibular Sense only works with... | Sight |
| Vestibular Sense | Tells position of body & helps with balance |
| Vestibular Sense in controlled by the.... | Inner ear |
| The Inner Ear is similar to... | A level |
| Pain | Tactile sensation |
| Tactile Sensation AKA.... | Somatosensation |
| Gate Theory | Spinal cord is the gate way for all signals to the brain. |
| What is an example of "closing the gate?" | Epidural |
| Taste & Smell | Chemical sense |
| Smell = | Olfaction |
| Taste = | Gustation |
| Smell is linked to.... | Emotion |
| When you're younger you're taste buds are..... | Closer together |
| What area of the tongue do you taste Sweet? | Front |
| What area of the tongue do you taste Sour? | Edges |
| What area of the tongue do you taste Bitter? | Back |
| Why do you taste bitter at the back of your tongue? | Gag reflex |
| What area of the tongue do you taste Umami? | Everywhere but very back |
| What area of the tongue do you taste Salty? | Front rim |
| How does Perception work? | Results from interaction of many neuron systems |
| Selective Attention | Awareness focus |
| What is an example of Selective Attention? | Flashlight beam |
| What is the Cocktail Party Effect? | Tendency to "flashlight" toward their name |
| Gestalt Psychology | Focuses on our ability to perceive overall patterns |
| Figure Ground Processing | Ability to identify a figure from the background |
Created by:
Madison Abigail Taylor
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