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AP Psych 4.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| actor/observer effect | our own actions were because of a certain situation but other people’s behavior is because of their personality |
| attribution theory | we try to explain others behaviors because of our personal experiences |
| culture | shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of a group of people |
| dispositional | explaining behaviors because of the person’s personality, traits, or character |
| downward social comparison | comparing yourself with someone who is worse off than you |
| external locus of control | outcomes are controlled mainly by outside forces like luck, fate or circumstances |
| fundamental attribution error | overestimate personality factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining other people’s behavior |
| internal locus of control | you control your own outcomes through your choices and actions |
| lateral social comparison | comparing yourself with someone who is similar to you |
| mere exposure effect | develop a preference for things simply because we encounter them repeatedly |
| optimistic explanatory style | explaining negative events as temporary, specific, and outside your control, while viewing positive events as more permanent and personal |
| pessimistic explanatory style | explaining negative events as permanent, widespread, and personal, while seeing positive events as temporary or due to outside factors |
| relative deprivation | feeling your worse off than other people you compare yourself to, even if your actual situation is okay |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | expectation that influences behavior in a way that causes that belief to become true |
| self-serving bias | thought that successes is from internal factors and failure is from external factors |
| situational attribution | behavior caused by external circumstances or the situation |
| social comparison | comparing yourself to others |
| upward social comparison | comparing yourself with someone better off or more successful than you |
| belief perseverance | hold onto a belief even after the evidence supporting it has been disproven |
| cognitive dissonance | uncomfortable feeling caused by conflicting beliefs, attitudes or behaviors |
| cognitive load | mental effort or information being processed |
| confirmation bias | look for and favor information that supports what you already believe |
| discrimination | unfair behavior or treatment towards another because they are part of a certain group |
| ethnocentrism | view your own culture as the standard and judge others by its values |
| implicit attitudes | unconscious or automatic attitudes toward people, groups, or objects that may influence behavior |
| ingroup | a group you belong to |
| ingroup bias | favor members of your own group over outside group |
| outgroup | a group you don't belong to |
| outgroup homogeneity bias | to see members of a certain outgroup to all be the same |
| prejudice | negative attitude of feeling towards someone because of their group membership |
| stereotype | generalized belief about a group of people |
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