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9-3-26 Ch.1 History
History of Pharmacy and Medicine
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Apothecary | Latin term for pharmacist; also, a place where drugs are sold |
| Bloodletting | The practice of draining blood; believed to release illness |
| Caduceus | Often confused as the symbol of the medical field; it as a staff with two entwined snakes and two wings at the top |
| Dogma | A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true or false |
| Hippocratic oath | An oath taken by physicians concerning the ethics and practice of medicine |
| Inpatient pharmacies | Pharmacies in a hospital or institutional setting |
| Laudanum | A mixture of opium and alcohol used to treat dozens of illnesses through the 1800s |
| Leech | A type of segmented worm with suckers that attaches to the skin of a host and engorges itself on the host's blood |
| Maggot | Fly larvae that feed on dead tissue; used in medicine to clean wounds not responding to routine antibiotics |
| Medicine | The science and art dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease |
| Opioid | Any agent that binds to opioid receptors |
| Opium | An analgesic that is made from the poppy plant |
| Pharmacist | Person who dispenses drugs and counsels patients on medication use and any interactions it may have with food or drugs |
| Pharmacy | A place where drugs are sold |
| Pharmacy Technician | Professional who works under the pharmacist's supervision to provide medications and health care services safely to patients |
| Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) | Issues a national examination for pharmacy technicians |
| Shaman | A person who holds a high place of honor in a tribe as a healer and spiritual mediator |
| Staff of Asclepius | The symbol of the medical profession; it is a wingless staff with one snake wrapped around it |
| Trephining | A practice of making an opening in the head to allow disease to leave the body |
| Aristotle | Greek scientist, philosopher |
| Asclepius | Greek god of healing and medicine |
| Roger Bacon | English scientist responsible for scientific methods |
| Francis Crick | Co-discover of the molecular structure of DNA, the double helix in 1953 |
| Gerhard Domagk | Developed sulfonamides and synthetic antibiotics. Discovered sulfonamides in 1932 |
| Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin in 1928, the first antibiotic. |
| Claudius Galen | Greek physician |
| Hippocrates | Greek physician and philosopher, considered to be the father of medicine |
| Gregor Mendel | Scientist and monk, known as the father of genetics |
| Florence Nightingale | Nurse who was responsible for improving the unsanitary conditions at a British base hospital during the Crimean War, reducing the death count |
| Paracelsus | Swiss physician, philosopher, and scientist |
| Louis Pasteur | French scientist, discovered several vaccines and invented pasteurization. In 1870s establishes germ theory of disease. |
| James Watson | Co-discover of the molecular structure of DNA, the double helix in 1953 |
| Rosalind Franklin | British scientist discovered the density and helical shape of DNA |
| Crawford W. Long | In 1842 used ether as a general anesthetic |
| Felix Hoffman | Develops aspirin in 1899 |
| Deborah Persaud | In 2013 was the first to cure baby of HIV in the United States |
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