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psyc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hindsight Bias | Believing you knew the outcome after it happened |
| Overconfidence | Thinking you know more than you actually do |
| Scientific Attitude | Curiosity skepticism and humility in research |
| Scientific Method | Step-by-step process for testing hypotheses |
| Hypothesis | A testable prediction |
| Replication | Repeating a study to confirm results |
| Operational Definition | Exact procedures used to define variables |
| Case Study | In-depth study of one person or group |
| Survey | Asking questions to gather data from many people |
| False Consensus Effect | Overestimating how much others share your beliefs |
| Population | The entire group being studied |
| Sample | A smaller group taken from the population |
| Random Sample | Every person has an equal chance of being chosen |
| Representative Sample | Sample that accurately reflects the population |
| Cross-Sectional Study | Study of one group at one time |
| Longitudinal Study | Study of the same group over time |
| Correlation | Measures how two variables relate |
| Positive Correlation | Both variables increase together |
| Negative Correlation | One variable increases while the other decreases |
| Illusory Correlation | Believing a relationship exists when it doesn’t |
| Causation | One variable directly affects another |
| Experiment | Controlled test to determine cause and effect |
| Placebo Effect | Belief in treatment causes perceived improvement |
| Double-Blind Study | Neither participants nor researchers know who gets treatment |
| Control Group | Group not exposed to the independent variable |
| Experimental Group | Group exposed to the independent variable |
| Random Assignment | Randomly placing participants into groups |
| Independent Variable | What the researcher changes |
| Dependent Variable | What is measured or observed |
| Confounding Variable | Other factor that might affect results |
| Mean | Average of all scores |
| Median | Middle score |
| Mode | Most frequent score |
| Range | Difference between highest and lowest scores |
| Standard Deviation | Measure of how spread out data is |
| Normal Curve | Bell-shaped distribution of data |
| Statistical Significance | Likelihood results are not due to chance |
| Statistical Inference | Drawing conclusions from data |
| Structuralism | Studying the structure of the mind |
| Functionalism | How mental processes help us adapt |
| Psychoanalytic Perspective | Behavior from unconscious drives |
| Behavioral Perspective | Observable behavior shaped by environment |
| Humanistic Perspective | Focus on growth and self-actualization |
| Cognitive Perspective | How we think learn and remember |
| Biological Perspective | Behavior from brain and body processes |
| Socio-Cultural Perspective | Behavior influenced by social and cultural factors |
| Evolutionary Perspective | Behavior shaped by survival and reproduction |
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